Spalox
Generic Name
Cefpodoxime Proxetil
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| spalox 200 mg tablet | ৳ 16.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Spalox 200 mg Tablet contains Cefpodoxime Proxetil, which is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections including those of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin and soft tissues, and ear, nose, and throat.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
The usual adult dosage varies by infection: for pharyngitis/tonsillitis, 100 mg every 12 hours for 5-10 days; for uncomplicated UTIs, 100 mg every 12 hours for 7 days; for CAP, 200 mg every 12 hours for 14 days.
Elderly
No specific dose adjustment is generally required for elderly patients with normal renal function. Dose adjustment should be based on renal function if impaired.
Renal_impairment
For patients with creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min, the dosing interval should be extended to every 24 hours. For patients on hemodialysis, the dose should be administered 3 times per week after hemodialysis.
How to Take
Take Spalox 200 mg Tablet orally with food to enhance absorption. Do not crush or chew the tablet; swallow it whole.
Mechanism of Action
Cefpodoxime is a bactericidal antibiotic that acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, which prevents the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains, leading to cell lysis and death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Peak plasma concentrations are generally achieved within 2-3 hours after administration.
Excretion
The primary route of excretion is renal, with approximately 29% to 38% of the administered dose excreted unchanged in the urine over 12 hours.
Half life
The plasma elimination half-life is approximately 2.0 to 3.0 hours in healthy subjects.
Absorption
Approximately 50% of an oral dose of Cefpodoxime proxetil is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Absorption is increased when taken with food.
Metabolism
Cefpodoxime proxetil is a prodrug that is de-esterified in the gastrointestinal tract to its active metabolite, cefpodoxime. It is minimally metabolized in the liver.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to cefpodoxime or any other cephalosporin antibiotics.
- Known hypersensitivity to penicillin antibiotics (due to potential cross-reactivity).
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Increases plasma concentrations and prolongs the half-life of cefpodoxime by reducing its renal excretion.
Antacids/H2-receptor antagonists/PPIs
May decrease the absorption of cefpodoxime, reducing its effectiveness. Administer cefpodoxime at least 2 hours before or after these agents.
Nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., aminoglycosides)
Coadministration with other potentially nephrotoxic drugs may increase the risk of renal toxicity.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, and diarrhea. In the event of a significant overdose, supportive and symptomatic treatment should be provided. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis may assist in the removal of cefpodoxime.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have not shown harm to the fetus, but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefpodoxime is excreted into breast milk in small amounts; caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing woman.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to cefpodoxime or any other cephalosporin antibiotics.
- Known hypersensitivity to penicillin antibiotics (due to potential cross-reactivity).
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Increases plasma concentrations and prolongs the half-life of cefpodoxime by reducing its renal excretion.
Antacids/H2-receptor antagonists/PPIs
May decrease the absorption of cefpodoxime, reducing its effectiveness. Administer cefpodoxime at least 2 hours before or after these agents.
Nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., aminoglycosides)
Coadministration with other potentially nephrotoxic drugs may increase the risk of renal toxicity.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, and diarrhea. In the event of a significant overdose, supportive and symptomatic treatment should be provided. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis may assist in the removal of cefpodoxime.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have not shown harm to the fetus, but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefpodoxime is excreted into breast milk in small amounts; caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing woman.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Usually 24 to 36 months from the date of manufacture.
Availability
Available in pharmacies and hospitals
Approval Status
Approved by regulatory authorities (e.g., DGDA)
Patent Status
Generic available, likely off-patent
Clinical Trials
Cefpodoxime proxetil has undergone extensive clinical trials supporting its efficacy and safety for various bacterial infections. Ongoing post-marketing surveillance and clinical studies continue to refine its profile.
Lab Monitoring
- Periodic monitoring of renal function is recommended during prolonged therapy or in patients with pre-existing renal impairment. Complete blood count (CBC) may be monitored in patients receiving prolonged therapy.
Doctor Notes
- Emphasize the importance of completing the full course to prevent resistance.
- Consider renal function for dose adjustments, especially in elderly or renally impaired patients.
- Advise patients to report severe diarrhea, especially if bloody, as it may indicate C. difficile infection.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the entire course of medication as prescribed by your doctor, even if your symptoms improve.
- Take this medicine with food to improve absorption and reduce stomach upset.
- Inform your doctor or pharmacist about all other medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
Spalox may cause dizziness in some patients. If you experience dizziness, avoid driving or operating machinery.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hygiene to prevent reinfection.
- Avoid self-medication with antibiotics.
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Global Brand Names
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