Sypam
Generic Name
Diazepam
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| sypam 05 mg tablet | ৳ 6.00 | ৳ 60.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Sypam-05-mg-tablet contains Diazepam, a benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety, insomnia, seizures, muscle spasms, and alcohol withdrawal. It works by enhancing the effect of a natural chemical in the body (GABA).
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Anxiety: 2-10 mg, 2-4 times daily. Alcohol withdrawal: 10 mg 3-4 times in first 24 hours, then 5 mg 3-4 times daily as needed. Muscle spasm: 2-10 mg, 3-4 times daily. Adjunct in convulsive disorders: 2-10 mg, 2-4 times daily.
Elderly
Initial dose 2-2.5 mg, 1-2 times daily, gradually increased as needed and tolerated.
Renal_impairment
Use with caution; dosage reduction may be necessary. No specific guidelines, individualized approach.
How to Take
Administer orally with or without food. Swallow tablets whole with water.
Mechanism of Action
Diazepam enhances the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABAA receptor, leading to increased chloride ion influx, hyperpolarization of the neuron, and decreased neuronal excitability.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
15-60 minutes (oral)
Excretion
Excreted mainly in the urine as glucuronide conjugates of metabolites.
Half life
20-100 hours (for Diazepam and its active metabolites, primarily desmethyldiazepam)
Absorption
Rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration. Peak plasma concentrations are achieved within 0.5-2 hours.
Metabolism
Extensively metabolized in the liver, primarily by cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP3A4, CYP2C19) to active metabolites (desmethyldiazepam, temazepam, oxazepam).
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to diazepam or other benzodiazepines
- Acute narrow-angle glaucoma
- Severe respiratory insufficiency
- Severe hepatic insufficiency
- Sleep apnea syndrome
- Myasthenia gravis
- Children under 6 months
Drug Interactions
Opioids
Increased risk of sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death.
Alcohol/CNS depressants
Increased sedative effects and respiratory depression.
CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., rifampicin, carbamazepine)
May increase diazepam metabolism, leading to decreased plasma concentrations and effects.
CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, fluvoxamine)
May decrease diazepam metabolism, leading to increased plasma concentrations and effects.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms: Drowsiness, confusion, ataxia, diminished reflexes, hypotension, respiratory depression, coma. Management: Supportive care, maintain airway, monitor vital signs. Flumazenil (benzodiazepine receptor antagonist) may be used, but with caution due to risk of seizures in dependent patients.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy: Category D. Avoid during pregnancy, especially during the first trimester and near term, due to potential for fetal harm (e.g., congenital malformations, neonatal withdrawal syndrome). Lactation: Excreted in breast milk. Not recommended for breastfeeding mothers.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to diazepam or other benzodiazepines
- Acute narrow-angle glaucoma
- Severe respiratory insufficiency
- Severe hepatic insufficiency
- Sleep apnea syndrome
- Myasthenia gravis
- Children under 6 months
Drug Interactions
Opioids
Increased risk of sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death.
Alcohol/CNS depressants
Increased sedative effects and respiratory depression.
CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., rifampicin, carbamazepine)
May increase diazepam metabolism, leading to decreased plasma concentrations and effects.
CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, fluvoxamine)
May decrease diazepam metabolism, leading to increased plasma concentrations and effects.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms: Drowsiness, confusion, ataxia, diminished reflexes, hypotension, respiratory depression, coma. Management: Supportive care, maintain airway, monitor vital signs. Flumazenil (benzodiazepine receptor antagonist) may be used, but with caution due to risk of seizures in dependent patients.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy: Category D. Avoid during pregnancy, especially during the first trimester and near term, due to potential for fetal harm (e.g., congenital malformations, neonatal withdrawal syndrome). Lactation: Excreted in breast milk. Not recommended for breastfeeding mothers.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years from manufacturing date.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved by regulatory authorities (e.g., FDA, DGDA)
Patent Status
Generic available
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Diazepam has been extensively studied since its introduction. Current research focuses on its long-term effects, optimal use in specific populations, and comparisons with newer anxiolytics.
Lab Monitoring
- Liver function tests (with long-term use)
- Complete blood count (rarely for blood dyscrasias)
Doctor Notes
- Prescribe for the shortest effective duration to minimize dependence risk.
- Advise patients about the risks of concomitant use with opioids and alcohol.
- Monitor elderly patients closely for sedation and cognitive effects.
Patient Guidelines
- Do not stop taking this medicine abruptly; withdrawal symptoms may occur.
- Avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants during treatment.
- This medicine may cause drowsiness or dizziness; avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how it affects you.
- Inform your doctor about all other medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements.
Missed Dose Advice
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next dose. Do not double the dose.
Driving Precautions
May cause drowsiness, dizziness, or blurred vision. Avoid driving or operating machinery until you are certain that your ability to perform such activities is not impaired.
Lifestyle Advice
- Practice relaxation techniques and stress management.
- Maintain a regular sleep schedule.
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