Tazocin
Generic Name
Piperacillin and Tazobactam
Manufacturer
Pfizer (Original manufacturer)
Country
USA (Original development)
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| tazocin 4 gm injection | ৳ 1,800.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Tazocin 4 gm injection is a combination antibiotic consisting of piperacillin, a penicillin-class antibiotic, and tazobactam, a beta-lactamase inhibitor. It is used to treat severe bacterial infections by killing susceptible bacteria and preventing their resistance mechanisms.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
The usual adult dose is 4.5 g (4 g piperacillin/0.5 g tazobactam) administered every 8 hours by intravenous infusion over 30 minutes. In critically ill patients, the dose may be increased up to 4.5 g every 6 hours.
Elderly
No specific dose adjustment for elderly patients with normal renal function. However, renal function should be monitored, and dose adjusted if impairment is present.
Renal_impairment
Dosage adjustment is necessary based on creatinine clearance (CrCl). For CrCl 20-40 mL/min, 4.5 g every 12 hours; for CrCl < 20 mL/min, 4.5 g every 24 hours. Hemodialysis patients: 2.25 g every 12 hours, with an additional 0.75 g after each dialysis session.
How to Take
Tazocin 4 gm is administered as an intravenous (IV) infusion over 30 minutes. It must be reconstituted with an appropriate diluent (e.g., Sterile Water for Injection, 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection) before administration.
Mechanism of Action
Piperacillin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), leading to bacterial cell lysis and death. Tazobactam inactivates a wide range of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes that would otherwise degrade piperacillin, thereby extending piperacillin's spectrum of activity.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Rapid onset of action following intravenous administration.
Excretion
Both piperacillin and tazobactam are primarily excreted via the kidneys by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion (60-80% of dose within 24 hours).
Half life
Piperacillin: approximately 0.7-1.2 hours; Tazobactam: approximately 0.7-0.9 hours. Both are prolonged in renal impairment.
Absorption
Administered intravenously, resulting in 100% bioavailability.
Metabolism
Piperacillin is metabolized to a minor microbiologically active desethyl metabolite. Tazobactam is metabolized to an inactive metabolite.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to piperacillin, tazobactam, other penicillin antibiotics, cephalosporins, or beta-lactamase inhibitors.
- History of severe allergic reaction to any component of the formulation.
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Prolongs the half-life of piperacillin and tazobactam by decreasing renal tubular secretion.
Vecuronium
May prolong the neuromuscular blockade of vecuronium and other non-depolarizing muscle relaxants.
Methotrexate
May decrease methotrexate clearance, leading to increased methotrexate toxicity. Monitor methotrexate levels.
Aminoglycosides
May cause in vitro inactivation of aminoglycosides when mixed in the same syringe or infusion bag. Administer separately.
Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)
May increase prothrombin time/INR, increasing bleeding risk. Monitor coagulation parameters.
Storage
Store unopened vials below 25°C-30°C. Protect from light. Do not freeze. Reconstituted solutions should be used immediately or stored refrigerated (2°C-8°C) for a specified period (e.g., 24-48 hours depending on diluent).
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Neuromuscular excitability or convulsions may occur if high intravenous doses are given. Management is supportive and symptomatic. Hemodialysis can remove piperacillin and tazobactam from the circulation.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have shown no evidence of harm to the fetus, but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Both piperacillin and tazobactam are excreted into breast milk in low concentrations; caution should be exercised when administering to a nursing mother. Monitor breastfed infants for diarrhea, candidiasis, and skin rash.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to piperacillin, tazobactam, other penicillin antibiotics, cephalosporins, or beta-lactamase inhibitors.
- History of severe allergic reaction to any component of the formulation.
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Prolongs the half-life of piperacillin and tazobactam by decreasing renal tubular secretion.
Vecuronium
May prolong the neuromuscular blockade of vecuronium and other non-depolarizing muscle relaxants.
Methotrexate
May decrease methotrexate clearance, leading to increased methotrexate toxicity. Monitor methotrexate levels.
Aminoglycosides
May cause in vitro inactivation of aminoglycosides when mixed in the same syringe or infusion bag. Administer separately.
Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)
May increase prothrombin time/INR, increasing bleeding risk. Monitor coagulation parameters.
Storage
Store unopened vials below 25°C-30°C. Protect from light. Do not freeze. Reconstituted solutions should be used immediately or stored refrigerated (2°C-8°C) for a specified period (e.g., 24-48 hours depending on diluent).
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Neuromuscular excitability or convulsions may occur if high intravenous doses are given. Management is supportive and symptomatic. Hemodialysis can remove piperacillin and tazobactam from the circulation.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have shown no evidence of harm to the fetus, but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Both piperacillin and tazobactam are excreted into breast milk in low concentrations; caution should be exercised when administering to a nursing mother. Monitor breastfed infants for diarrhea, candidiasis, and skin rash.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years for unopened vials when stored as recommended. Reconstituted solutions have shorter stability and should be used promptly.
Availability
Available in hospitals and pharmacies nationwide
Approval Status
Approved by major regulatory bodies (e.g., FDA, EMA, DGDA)
Patent Status
Off-patent, generic versions available
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of piperacillin/tazobactam in various bacterial infections, leading to its widespread approval and use in clinical practice.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function (creatinine, BUN) at baseline and during treatment, especially in patients with pre-existing impairment.
- Liver function tests (ALT, AST, bilirubin) periodically.
- Complete blood count (CBC) with differential, particularly during prolonged therapy or in patients with renal impairment.
- Coagulation parameters (PT/INR) in patients receiving concomitant anticoagulants.
Doctor Notes
- Crucial to adjust dosage in patients with renal impairment to avoid accumulation and toxicity.
- Monitor for signs of hypersensitivity reactions, especially after the first dose. Have epinephrine and other emergency measures readily available.
- Concomitant administration with aminoglycosides requires careful monitoring due to potential for in-vitro inactivation; administer separately.
Patient Guidelines
- Inform your doctor about any allergies, especially to penicillins or cephalosporins, before starting treatment.
- Report any signs of allergic reactions (e.g., rash, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing) immediately.
- Complete the full course of treatment as prescribed by your doctor, even if you start feeling better, to prevent recurrence and development of resistance.
- Stay hydrated during the treatment period.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, it should be administered as soon as remembered, unless it is almost time for the next scheduled dose. Do not double the dose to compensate for a missed one. Consult a healthcare professional.
Driving Precautions
This medication may cause dizziness or other side effects that could impair your ability to drive or operate machinery. Exercise caution and avoid such activities if you experience these effects.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hygiene to prevent further infections.
- Follow a balanced diet and rest adequately to support recovery.
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