Tydox
Generic Name
Doxycycline
Manufacturer
Various Pharmaceutical Companies (e.g., Intas Pharmaceuticals, Square Pharmaceuticals for specific brands)
Country
Multiple countries
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| tydox 100 mg capsule | ৳ 2.01 | ৳ 20.10 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, skin infections, sexually transmitted infections, and certain parasitic infections like malaria.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Typical dose is 100 mg orally twice daily or 200 mg once daily for the first day, followed by 100 mg daily. For severe infections, 100 mg twice daily may be continued.
Elderly
No specific dosage adjustment is required for elderly patients, but caution should be exercised due to potential co-morbidities.
Renal_impairment
No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients with renal impairment, as doxycycline is primarily excreted non-renally.
How to Take
Take orally with a full glass of water, preferably with food to reduce gastric irritation. Do not lie down for at least 30 minutes to 1 hour after taking to prevent esophageal irritation. Avoid taking with dairy products, antacids, or iron supplements.
Mechanism of Action
Doxycycline exerts its antibacterial effect by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. It reversibly binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria, thereby blocking the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex. This prevents the addition of amino acids to the growing peptide chain and ultimately halts bacterial growth and multiplication.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Plasma concentrations peak within 2-3 hours.
Excretion
Primarily excreted in the feces as inactive conjugates and unchanged drug. A small portion is excreted via urine.
Half life
Approximately 16-22 hours, allowing for once or twice daily dosing.
Absorption
Rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. Absorption is not significantly affected by food, though dairy products and antacids can impair it.
Metabolism
Partially metabolized in the liver, with some enterohepatic recirculation.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to doxycycline or any other tetracycline antibiotic.
- Severe hepatic impairment.
- Pregnancy (especially during the second and third trimesters due to risk of tooth discoloration and bone growth inhibition in the fetus).
- Children under 8 years of age (due to permanent tooth discoloration and enamel hypoplasia).
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
May enhance anticoagulant effect; monitor INR.
Penicillin
Doxycycline is bacteriostatic and may interfere with the bactericidal action of penicillin.
Oral contraceptives
May reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives; use alternative birth control.
Barbiturates, carbamazepine, phenytoin
Can reduce doxycycline half-life by inducing hepatic enzymes.
Antacids (containing aluminum, calcium, magnesium) and iron preparations
Can reduce doxycycline absorption. Take doxycycline 2 hours before or 4 hours after these agents.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Management is primarily supportive. Gastric lavage may be considered soon after ingestion. There is no specific antidote. Hemodialysis is not effective in removing doxycycline from the body.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category D. Doxycycline should not be used in pregnancy, especially during the second and third trimesters, due to the risk of permanent tooth discoloration and inhibition of bone growth in the fetus. Not recommended during breastfeeding as it is excreted in breast milk and may affect the infant's tooth and bone development.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to doxycycline or any other tetracycline antibiotic.
- Severe hepatic impairment.
- Pregnancy (especially during the second and third trimesters due to risk of tooth discoloration and bone growth inhibition in the fetus).
- Children under 8 years of age (due to permanent tooth discoloration and enamel hypoplasia).
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
May enhance anticoagulant effect; monitor INR.
Penicillin
Doxycycline is bacteriostatic and may interfere with the bactericidal action of penicillin.
Oral contraceptives
May reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives; use alternative birth control.
Barbiturates, carbamazepine, phenytoin
Can reduce doxycycline half-life by inducing hepatic enzymes.
Antacids (containing aluminum, calcium, magnesium) and iron preparations
Can reduce doxycycline absorption. Take doxycycline 2 hours before or 4 hours after these agents.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Management is primarily supportive. Gastric lavage may be considered soon after ingestion. There is no specific antidote. Hemodialysis is not effective in removing doxycycline from the body.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category D. Doxycycline should not be used in pregnancy, especially during the second and third trimesters, due to the risk of permanent tooth discoloration and inhibition of bone growth in the fetus. Not recommended during breastfeeding as it is excreted in breast milk and may affect the infant's tooth and bone development.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Usually 2-3 years from the date of manufacture. Refer to the product packaging for the exact expiry date.
Availability
Available in pharmacies, hospitals, and clinics
Approval Status
Approved (e.g., FDA, DGDA, MHRA)
Patent Status
Generic
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Doxycycline has been extensively studied since its introduction, with numerous clinical trials evaluating its efficacy for various infections, anti-inflammatory properties, and potential new applications (e.g., in oncology, dermatology). Ongoing research continues to explore its full therapeutic potential.
Lab Monitoring
- For prolonged therapy, periodic laboratory evaluation of organ systems, including hematopoietic, renal, and hepatic studies, is advisable.
- Liver function tests (LFTs) may be monitored, especially in patients with pre-existing hepatic impairment.
Doctor Notes
- Emphasize proper administration (with water, upright posture) to prevent esophageal injury.
- Counsel patients on photosensitivity and the importance of sun protection.
- Advise patients to avoid dairy products, antacids, and iron supplements within a few hours of doxycycline.
- Ensure patients understand the importance of completing the full course of therapy.
Patient Guidelines
- Take the capsule with a full glass of water to minimize the risk of esophageal irritation.
- Avoid lying down for at least 30-60 minutes after taking the medicine.
- Protect yourself from direct sunlight and artificial UV light; use sunscreen and wear protective clothing.
- Complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if symptoms improve.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
Doxycycline may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or visual disturbances in some individuals. Patients should be advised to exercise caution when driving or operating machinery until they know how the medication affects them.
Lifestyle Advice
- Stay well-hydrated throughout the treatment period.
- Be aware of increased photosensitivity and take precautions against sun exposure.
- Avoid alcohol consumption as it may increase the risk of liver side effects.
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.