Valium-Plus
Generic Name
valium-plus-05-mg-tablet
Manufacturer
Hypothetical Pharma Co.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| valium plus 05 mg tablet | ৳ 5.00 | ৳ 50.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Valium-Plus 0.5 mg Tablet is a benzodiazepine medication containing Diazepam. It is primarily used to relieve anxiety, muscle spasms, and seizures. This low-dose formulation may be prescribed for specific conditions or sensitive patients, or as part of a combination therapy.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
General anxiety: 2-10 mg, 2-4 times daily. For 0.5mg strength, specific guidance is crucial, possibly 0.5-1 mg, 1-3 times daily, for very mild anxiety or specific indications.
Elderly
Lower doses are recommended, typically 2-2.5 mg, 1-2 times daily, adjusted carefully. For 0.5mg strength, start with 0.5 mg once daily, increasing cautiously.
Renal_impairment
No specific dose adjustment for mild to moderate impairment; use with caution in severe renal impairment.
How to Take
Take orally with or without food. Do not chew or crush the tablet. Swallow whole with water.
Mechanism of Action
Diazepam, a benzodiazepine, enhances the effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABA-A receptor. GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. By increasing GABAergic activity, Diazepam causes a general depressant effect on the CNS, leading to anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant properties.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Oral: 15-60 minutes.
Excretion
Mainly excreted in urine as glucuronide conjugates of metabolites.
Half life
Diazepam: 20-100 hours (includes active metabolites); active metabolite desmethyldiazepam has a half-life of 30-200 hours.
Absorption
Rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; peak plasma concentrations reached in 0.5-2 hours.
Metabolism
Extensively metabolized in the liver, primarily via CYP3A4 and CYP2C19, to active metabolites (desmethyldiazepam, temazepam, oxazepam).
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Acute narrow-angle glaucoma
- Severe respiratory insufficiency
- Severe hepatic insufficiency
- Sleep apnea syndrome
- Myasthenia gravis
- Hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines
Drug Interactions
Opioids
Increased risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death.
Antacids
May delay but not decrease the absorption of diazepam.
Phenytoin
May alter phenytoin plasma levels.
Alcohol and other CNS depressants
Additive CNS depressant effects.
Cimetidine, Omeprazole, Fluoxetine
May increase diazepam plasma levels by inhibiting metabolism.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from direct light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms include somnolence, confusion, impaired coordination, diminished reflexes, and coma. Management involves supportive care, maintaining airway, monitoring vital signs, and intravenous fluids. Flumazenil may be used as an antidote but carries risks.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category D: May cause fetal harm. Avoid during pregnancy, especially first trimester. Excreted in breast milk, avoid during breastfeeding or monitor infant for sedation.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Acute narrow-angle glaucoma
- Severe respiratory insufficiency
- Severe hepatic insufficiency
- Sleep apnea syndrome
- Myasthenia gravis
- Hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines
Drug Interactions
Opioids
Increased risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death.
Antacids
May delay but not decrease the absorption of diazepam.
Phenytoin
May alter phenytoin plasma levels.
Alcohol and other CNS depressants
Additive CNS depressant effects.
Cimetidine, Omeprazole, Fluoxetine
May increase diazepam plasma levels by inhibiting metabolism.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from direct light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms include somnolence, confusion, impaired coordination, diminished reflexes, and coma. Management involves supportive care, maintaining airway, monitoring vital signs, and intravenous fluids. Flumazenil may be used as an antidote but carries risks.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category D: May cause fetal harm. Avoid during pregnancy, especially first trimester. Excreted in breast milk, avoid during breastfeeding or monitor infant for sedation.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
24 to 36 months from manufacturing date, depending on storage conditions.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved (Assuming hypothetical product is approved)
Patent Status
Generic available (for Diazepam), Brand patent expired
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Due to its long history, primary clinical trials for Diazepam have established its efficacy and safety. Any 'Valium-Plus' formulation would likely undergo bioequivalence or specific formulation trials.
Lab Monitoring
- Liver function tests (with long-term use or hepatic impairment)
- Renal function tests (in patients with severe renal impairment)
- Complete blood count (rarely for blood dyscrasias)
Doctor Notes
- Counsel patients on potential for dependence and withdrawal symptoms. Emphasize short-term use.
- Monitor for respiratory depression, especially when co-administered with other CNS depressants.
- Assess hepatic and renal function in long-term therapy.
Patient Guidelines
- Do not stop taking this medicine suddenly, as it can cause withdrawal symptoms.
- Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how this medicine affects you.
- Report any unusual mood changes or thoughts of self-harm to your doctor.
- Avoid alcohol while taking this medication.
- Take exactly as prescribed by your doctor.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
Valium-Plus 0.5 mg Tablet can cause drowsiness, dizziness, and impaired coordination. Do not drive or operate machinery until you are certain that the medicine does not adversely affect your ability to perform such tasks.
Lifestyle Advice
- Practice relaxation techniques (meditation, deep breathing) to help manage anxiety.
- Maintain a regular sleep schedule.
- Avoid excessive caffeine.
- Engage in regular physical activity.
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.