vir
Generic Name
Alprazolam
Manufacturer
XYZ Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| vir 05 mg tablet | ৳ 40.00 | ৳ 400.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
vir 0.5 mg tablet contains Alprazolam, a benzodiazepine used for the short-term management of anxiety disorders and panic disorder. It works by enhancing the effects of a certain natural chemical (GABA) in the body.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Initial dose 0.25-0.5 mg three times daily, adjusted to maximum 4 mg daily in divided doses. For panic disorder, initial dose 0.5 mg three times daily, adjusted to maximum 10 mg daily in divided doses.
Elderly
Initial dose 0.25 mg two to three times daily, adjusted as needed and tolerated. Lower doses are generally recommended.
Renal_impairment
No specific dosage adjustment guidance, use with caution. Consider lower starting doses.
How to Take
Take orally with or without food. Do not crush, chew, or break extended-release tablets. Swallow whole.
Mechanism of Action
Alprazolam binds to specific benzodiazepine receptors on the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptor complex, enhancing the inhibitory effects of GABA. This leads to reduced neuronal excitability, resulting in anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant effects.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Within 15-30 minutes
Excretion
Mainly excreted in the urine as metabolites and conjugated forms. Less than 1% excreted unchanged in urine.
Half life
Approximately 11-15 hours (range: 6-27 hours)
Absorption
Rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Peak plasma concentrations occur within 1-2 hours.
Metabolism
Extensively metabolized in the liver primarily by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) to active and inactive metabolites.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to alprazolam or other benzodiazepines
- Acute narrow-angle glaucoma
- Concomitant use with strong CYP3A inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole)
Drug Interactions
Digoxin
Increased digoxin levels (less common).
Opioids
Increased risk of sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death.
Alcohol and CNS Depressants
Additive CNS depressant effects.
CYP3A Inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluvoxamine)
Increased plasma concentration of alprazolam, leading to enhanced effects.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms include somnolence, confusion, impaired coordination, diminished reflexes, and coma. Management involves general supportive measures, gastric lavage (if recent ingestion), and monitoring vital signs. Flumazenil may be considered for severe cases, but carries risks, especially in patients on chronic benzodiazepine therapy.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category D. May cause fetal harm. Avoid during pregnancy. Excreted in breast milk; advise against breastfeeding due to potential for sedation in infants.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to alprazolam or other benzodiazepines
- Acute narrow-angle glaucoma
- Concomitant use with strong CYP3A inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole)
Drug Interactions
Digoxin
Increased digoxin levels (less common).
Opioids
Increased risk of sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death.
Alcohol and CNS Depressants
Additive CNS depressant effects.
CYP3A Inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluvoxamine)
Increased plasma concentration of alprazolam, leading to enhanced effects.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms include somnolence, confusion, impaired coordination, diminished reflexes, and coma. Management involves general supportive measures, gastric lavage (if recent ingestion), and monitoring vital signs. Flumazenil may be considered for severe cases, but carries risks, especially in patients on chronic benzodiazepine therapy.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category D. May cause fetal harm. Avoid during pregnancy. Excreted in breast milk; advise against breastfeeding due to potential for sedation in infants.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
24 months from manufacturing date
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved by FDA/DGDA
Patent Status
Patent expired, generic available
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Numerous clinical trials have established the efficacy and safety of alprazolam for anxiety and panic disorders. Ongoing research explores its long-term effects and potential for abuse.
Lab Monitoring
- Liver function tests (periodically with long-term use)
- Renal function tests (periodically with long-term use)
- Complete blood count (periodically with long-term use)
Doctor Notes
- Prescribe for the shortest duration possible to minimize dependence risk.
- Counsel patients on withdrawal symptoms and the importance of gradual tapering.
- Assess for co-occurring substance use disorders.
Patient Guidelines
- Do not stop taking this medication abruptly without consulting your doctor, as withdrawal symptoms can occur.
- Avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants while on this medication.
- This medication may cause drowsiness; avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how it affects you.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
Alprazolam can cause drowsiness, dizziness, and impaired coordination, which may affect your ability to drive or operate machinery safely. Avoid such activities until you are certain the medication does not impair your mental or motor skills.
Lifestyle Advice
- Practice stress-reducing techniques like meditation or yoga.
- Maintain a regular sleep schedule.
- Limit caffeine and nicotine intake.
Alternative Medicines in Bangladesh
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.