Adults

10 ml (2 teaspoonfuls) once daily.

Elderly

10 ml (2 teaspoonfuls) once daily or as advised by physician.

Renal_impairment

Use with caution and consult a physician; dose adjustment may be necessary for severe impairment.

Onset

Gradual; beneficial effects are typically observed after consistent use over several days to weeks.

Excretion

Water-soluble vitamins are primarily excreted renally. Excess fat-soluble vitamins can be stored. Minerals have specific excretory routes, often renal or fecal.

Half life

Highly variable for each component, ranging from hours (e.g., some B vitamins) to days or months (e.g., Vitamin D, Zinc stores).

Absorption

Varies by individual vitamin/mineral; water-soluble vitamins are generally well absorbed, fat-soluble vitamins (A, D) require dietary fat for optimal absorption. Zinc absorption can be influenced by diet.

Metabolism

Individual vitamins and minerals are metabolized and utilized via their specific biochemical pathways in the liver and other tissues.

Antacids

May reduce the absorption of some minerals (e.g., zinc, iron) if taken concurrently.

Thyroid hormones

Minerals like zinc may affect absorption of thyroid hormones; take at separate times.

Tetracycline and Quinolone antibiotics

Zinc can reduce the absorption of these antibiotics. Administer at least 2 hours apart.