Xanax
Generic Name
Alprazolam
Manufacturer
Pfizer
Country
USA (Original developer)
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| xanax 025 mg tablet | ৳ 1.00 | ৳ 10.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Xanax (Alprazolam) 0.25 mg tablet is a benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety disorders, panic disorder, and anxiety associated with depression. It works by enhancing the activity of certain neurotransmitters in the brain.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Initial: 0.25-0.5 mg three times daily. Max: 4 mg daily in divided doses. For panic disorder, initial: 0.5 mg three times daily, may be increased every 3-4 days by no more than 1 mg daily. Max: 10 mg daily.
Elderly
Initial: 0.25 mg two to three times daily. May be gradually increased if needed and tolerated.
Renal_impairment
Caution recommended; dose reduction may be necessary. Start with lower doses.
How to Take
Oral administration. Take with or without food. Do not crush, chew, or break extended-release tablets.
Mechanism of Action
Alprazolam binds to specific benzodiazepine receptors on the GABA-A receptor complex in the central nervous system, enhancing the inhibitory effects of GABA. This results in anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Within 15-30 minutes
Excretion
Mainly excreted in the urine as metabolites.
Half life
Approximately 11.2 hours (range: 6.3-26.9 hours)
Absorption
Rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; peak plasma concentrations reached within 1-2 hours.
Metabolism
Primarily metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) to an inactive primary metabolite (4-hydroxyalprazolam) and a weakly active metabolite (alpha-hydroxyalprazolam).
Side Effects
Contraindications
- •Known hypersensitivity to alprazolam or other benzodiazepines
- •Acute narrow-angle glaucoma
- •Concomitant use with strong CYP3A inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole)
Drug Interactions
Opioids
Increased risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death.
CYP3A Inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluvoxamine, nefazodone)
Increase alprazolam plasma concentrations, potentially leading to increased sedative effects.
CNS Depressants (e.g., alcohol, antidepressants, antihistamines, antipsychotics)
Additive CNS depressant effects.
Storage
Store at room temperature (20-25°C), away from moisture and light. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms include somnolence, confusion, impaired coordination, diminished reflexes, and coma. Management involves supportive care, maintaining a patent airway, and monitoring vital signs. Flumazenil may be used to reverse benzodiazepine effects but carries a risk of seizures.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category D. May cause fetal harm. Avoid during pregnancy. Excreted in breast milk, potential for sedation and feeding difficulties in infants. Not recommended during breastfeeding.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years from manufacturing date.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
FDA Approved
Patent Status
Off-patent (Generic available)
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Global Brand Names
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