Xynor
Generic Name
Ciprofloxacin
Manufacturer
Incepta Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| xynor 500 mg tablet | ৳ 6.50 | ৳ 65.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections, including those affecting the urinary tract, respiratory system, skin, bones, and joints. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Typically 250-750 mg orally twice daily, depending on the infection severity and site. For Xynor 500 mg, a common adult dose is 500 mg twice daily for 7-14 days.
Elderly
Dosage adjustment may be required based on renal function and overall health status.
Renal_impairment
Dosage must be adjusted based on creatinine clearance to prevent accumulation and toxicity.
How to Take
Take Xynor 500 mg tablet orally with or without food. Do not take with dairy products (milk, yogurt) or calcium-fortified juices, as these can reduce absorption. Take at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after antacids containing magnesium or aluminum, or iron/zinc supplements.
Mechanism of Action
Ciprofloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes essential for DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination, leading to bacterial cell death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Onset of action typically occurs within 1-2 hours.
Excretion
Primarily excreted via urine (renal) and feces (non-renal).
Half life
Plasma elimination half-life is approximately 3-5 hours.
Absorption
Rapidly and well absorbed after oral administration. Bioavailability is approximately 70-80%.
Metabolism
Partially metabolized in the liver to less active metabolites.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones.
- Concomitant use with tizanidine.
- History of tendinitis or tendon rupture associated with quinolone use.
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
May increase the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, requiring INR monitoring.
Tizanidine
Concomitant use is contraindicated due to increased risk of hypotension and sedation.
Theophylline
Increased plasma concentrations of theophylline and risk of toxicity.
Corticosteroids
Increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture.
Antacids/Dairy products/Iron or Zinc supplements
Can significantly reduce ciprofloxacin absorption.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a cool, dry place. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of overdose, gastric lavage and symptomatic supportive treatment should be initiated. Adequate hydration is important. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis remove only small amounts of ciprofloxacin.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Ciprofloxacin should generally be avoided during pregnancy and lactation due to potential risks to cartilage development in the fetus/infant, based on animal studies. Use only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus/infant.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones.
- Concomitant use with tizanidine.
- History of tendinitis or tendon rupture associated with quinolone use.
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
May increase the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, requiring INR monitoring.
Tizanidine
Concomitant use is contraindicated due to increased risk of hypotension and sedation.
Theophylline
Increased plasma concentrations of theophylline and risk of toxicity.
Corticosteroids
Increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture.
Antacids/Dairy products/Iron or Zinc supplements
Can significantly reduce ciprofloxacin absorption.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a cool, dry place. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of overdose, gastric lavage and symptomatic supportive treatment should be initiated. Adequate hydration is important. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis remove only small amounts of ciprofloxacin.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Ciprofloxacin should generally be avoided during pregnancy and lactation due to potential risks to cartilage development in the fetus/infant, based on animal studies. Use only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus/infant.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 36 months from the date of manufacture when stored under recommended conditions.
Availability
Pharmacies nationwide
Approval Status
DGDA approved in Bangladesh
Patent Status
Generic available, patent expired
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ciprofloxacin has undergone extensive clinical trials demonstrating its efficacy and safety across a wide range of bacterial infections. Ongoing post-marketing surveillance continues to monitor its long-term effects.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function tests (e.g., creatinine clearance) in patients with impaired kidney function.
- Liver function tests (LFTs) if prolonged therapy is anticipated or signs of hepatic dysfunction appear.
- Complete blood count (CBC) during extended treatment courses.
- INR monitoring in patients on warfarin.
Doctor Notes
- Educate patients about the black box warnings associated with fluoroquinolones, particularly the risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture, and advise them to seek immediate medical attention if symptoms occur.
- Instruct patients on proper administration: avoid co-administration with dairy products, calcium-fortified juices, antacids, or iron/zinc supplements due to chelation.
- Assess renal function before and during therapy, especially in elderly patients or those with pre-existing kidney impairment, and adjust dosage accordingly.
- Consider potential drug interactions, especially with warfarin (monitor INR) and tizanidine (contraindicated).
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of Xynor as prescribed, even if symptoms improve, to prevent antibiotic resistance.
- Stay well-hydrated throughout the treatment period.
- Avoid excessive exposure to direct sunlight or artificial UV light, and use sunscreen, due to potential photosensitivity.
- Report any sudden pain, swelling, or tenderness in tendons (especially in the ankle, knee, shoulder, or elbow) to your doctor immediately.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
Xynor may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or visual disturbances. Patients should be cautioned about operating machinery or driving until they know how Xynor affects them.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good personal hygiene to prevent reinfection.
- Avoid sharing medications with others.
- Consider taking probiotics as advised by your doctor to manage gut flora during antibiotic therapy.
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