Zavicefta
Generic Name
Ceftazidime and Avibactam
Manufacturer
Pfizer Inc.
Country
USA
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| zavicefta 2 gm injection | ৳ 8,366.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Zavicefta is a combination antibiotic containing ceftazidime (a third-generation cephalosporin) and avibactam (a beta-lactamase inhibitor). It is used to treat serious bacterial infections, including complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI), complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI), and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), including ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), caused by susceptible Gram-negative bacteria.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
2.5 g (2 g ceftazidime and 0.5 g avibactam) administered intravenously over 2 hours every 8 hours.
Elderly
No dosage adjustment required based on age alone, but renal function should be assessed.
Renal_impairment
Dosage adjustment required based on creatinine clearance (e.g., CrCl >50 mL/min: no adjustment; CrCl 31-50 mL/min: 1.25 g every 8 hours; CrCl 16-30 mL/min: 0.94 g every 12 hours; CrCl 6-15 mL/min: 0.94 g every 24 hours; CrCl <=5 mL/min: 0.94 g every 48 hours).
How to Take
For intravenous infusion only. Reconstitute the powder with sterile water for injection, then dilute further in an appropriate infusion solution (e.g., 0.9% sodium chloride, 5% dextrose) before infusing over 2 hours.
Mechanism of Action
Ceftazidime is a cephalosporin antibiotic that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). Avibactam is a non-beta-lactam, beta-lactamase inhibitor that protects ceftazidime from degradation by certain beta-lactamases, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs).
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Rapid, typically within minutes of infusion.
Excretion
Primarily eliminated unchanged in the urine via glomerular filtration and tubular secretion (ceftazidime) and glomerular filtration (avibactam).
Half life
Approximately 1.7-2 hours for ceftazidime and 1.5 hours for avibactam in healthy adults with normal renal function.
Absorption
Administered intravenously, resulting in 100% bioavailability.
Metabolism
Ceftazidime is not metabolized. Avibactam is minimally metabolized.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ceftazidime, avibactam, or any cephalosporin antibiotic.
- Patients with a history of severe hypersensitivity reaction to any other type of beta-lactam antibacterial agent (e.g., penicillins, monobactams, carbapenems).
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
May increase exposure to avibactam, but no dosage adjustment is typically recommended for patients with normal renal function.
Nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., aminoglycosides, loop diuretics)
Monitor renal function due to potential for increased nephrotoxicity.
Storage
Store unopened vials at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F). Protect from light. After reconstitution and dilution, store at room temperature or refrigerated for a limited time as per manufacturer's instructions.
Overdose
No specific antidote. Management of overdose should involve supportive treatment and maintenance of renal function. Hemodialysis may be used to remove ceftazidime and avibactam from the bloodstream.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Use during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing woman as ceftazidime is excreted in human milk.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ceftazidime, avibactam, or any cephalosporin antibiotic.
- Patients with a history of severe hypersensitivity reaction to any other type of beta-lactam antibacterial agent (e.g., penicillins, monobactams, carbapenems).
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
May increase exposure to avibactam, but no dosage adjustment is typically recommended for patients with normal renal function.
Nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., aminoglycosides, loop diuretics)
Monitor renal function due to potential for increased nephrotoxicity.
Storage
Store unopened vials at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F). Protect from light. After reconstitution and dilution, store at room temperature or refrigerated for a limited time as per manufacturer's instructions.
Overdose
No specific antidote. Management of overdose should involve supportive treatment and maintenance of renal function. Hemodialysis may be used to remove ceftazidime and avibactam from the bloodstream.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Use during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing woman as ceftazidime is excreted in human milk.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 24-36 months when stored as recommended.
Availability
Hospitals, Specialty Pharmacies
Approval Status
FDA Approved, EMA Approved
Patent Status
Patented
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Extensive clinical trials (e.g., RECLAIM, RECAPTURE, REPRISE programs) demonstrated efficacy and safety in cIAI, cUTI, and HAP/VAP, including against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function (creatinine clearance)
- Liver function tests (LFTs)
- Complete blood count (CBC)
- Culture and susceptibility tests to confirm pathogen susceptibility
Doctor Notes
- Crucial for empiric therapy in suspected or confirmed infections with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria, especially those producing ESBLs or KPCs.
- Consider for patients with limited treatment options or failure of other antibiotics.
- Always obtain culture and susceptibility results to guide therapy and de-escalate if appropriate.
Patient Guidelines
- Report any signs of allergic reaction immediately.
- Complete the full course of treatment as prescribed, even if symptoms improve.
- Inform your doctor if you experience severe diarrhea (especially with fever) during or after treatment.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, administer it as soon as possible. If it is close to the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose.
Driving Precautions
May cause dizziness; patients should be advised not to drive or operate machinery if they experience this side effect.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hydration during treatment.
- Avoid self-medication with other antibiotics.
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