Ampexin
Generic Name
Ampicillin 500 mg injection
Manufacturer
Unimed Pharmaceutical Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| ampexin 500 mg injection | ৳ 24.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Ampexin 500 mg injection contains Ampicillin, a penicillin-type antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. It is administered via intramuscular or intravenous route.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Typical dose: 250 mg to 1 g intramuscularly or intravenously every 4-6 hours, depending on the severity of infection. For severe infections, up to 12 g/day in divided doses.
Elderly
Dose adjustment may be necessary based on renal function.
Renal_impairment
Dosage reduction is required. For creatinine clearance 10-30 mL/min, administer standard dose every 8-12 hours; for creatinine clearance <10 mL/min, administer standard dose every 12-16 hours.
How to Take
Ampexin 500 mg injection is reconstituted with sterile water for injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection and administered slowly by deep intramuscular injection or by intravenous infusion over 15-30 minutes. The solution should be used immediately after preparation.
Mechanism of Action
Ampicillin exerts its bactericidal action by inhibiting the biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), leading to disruption of cell wall synthesis and subsequent bacterial cell lysis.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Rapid, usually within minutes for IV administration.
Excretion
Primarily excreted unchanged by the kidneys via glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. Approximately 70-80% of a dose is excreted in the urine within 6-8 hours.
Half life
Approximately 1-1.5 hours in adults with normal renal function; prolonged in patients with renal impairment.
Absorption
Rapid and complete absorption after intramuscular (IM) administration. Peak plasma concentrations are reached within 1-2 hours after IM injection. Intravenous (IV) administration provides immediate and complete bioavailability.
Metabolism
Minimal hepatic metabolism; a small portion is metabolized to penicilloic acid.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to ampicillin, any other penicillin, or any component of the formulation.
- History of severe allergic reaction to any beta-lactam antibiotic (e.g., cephalosporins).
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Decreases renal tubular secretion of ampicillin, resulting in increased and prolonged serum levels.
Allopurinol
Concomitant use with allopurinol may increase the incidence of skin rash.
Methotrexate
Ampicillin may reduce the renal clearance of methotrexate, potentially increasing methotrexate toxicity.
Tetracyclines
Tetracyclines (bacteriostatic) may antagonize the bactericidal effect of ampicillin; avoid concomitant use.
Oral Contraceptives
May decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives; advise using alternative birth control.
Storage
Store unopened vials below 30°C, protected from light and moisture. Do not freeze.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include severe gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), neurological symptoms (convulsions, confusion), and renal impairment. Management is supportive and symptomatic; hemodialysis may be used to remove ampicillin from the circulation in severe cases.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Ampicillin is generally considered safe during pregnancy, but use only if clearly needed. It is excreted in breast milk; caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing mother.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to ampicillin, any other penicillin, or any component of the formulation.
- History of severe allergic reaction to any beta-lactam antibiotic (e.g., cephalosporins).
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Decreases renal tubular secretion of ampicillin, resulting in increased and prolonged serum levels.
Allopurinol
Concomitant use with allopurinol may increase the incidence of skin rash.
Methotrexate
Ampicillin may reduce the renal clearance of methotrexate, potentially increasing methotrexate toxicity.
Tetracyclines
Tetracyclines (bacteriostatic) may antagonize the bactericidal effect of ampicillin; avoid concomitant use.
Oral Contraceptives
May decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives; advise using alternative birth control.
Storage
Store unopened vials below 30°C, protected from light and moisture. Do not freeze.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include severe gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), neurological symptoms (convulsions, confusion), and renal impairment. Management is supportive and symptomatic; hemodialysis may be used to remove ampicillin from the circulation in severe cases.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Ampicillin is generally considered safe during pregnancy, but use only if clearly needed. It is excreted in breast milk; caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing mother.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
24-36 months (unopened vial); reconstituted solution stable for limited hours at room temperature or refrigerated.
Availability
Available in pharmacies and hospitals
Approval Status
Approved (DGDA, FDA for Ampicillin)
Patent Status
Off-patent
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ampicillin has been extensively studied in numerous clinical trials since its introduction for a wide range of bacterial infections in various patient populations, demonstrating its efficacy and safety.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function tests (e.g., serum creatinine, BUN) during prolonged therapy, especially in patients with pre-existing renal impairment.
- Complete blood count (CBC) in prolonged therapy.
Doctor Notes
- Always inquire about penicillin allergy history before administration.
- Adjust dose in patients with renal impairment.
- Monitor for signs of superinfection and C. difficile-associated diarrhea.
- Intravenous administration should be slow to avoid vein irritation.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of treatment as prescribed, even if symptoms improve.
- Report any signs of allergic reaction (e.g., rash, difficulty breathing) immediately.
- Do not share this medication with others.
- Store reconstituted solution as directed and use promptly.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, administer it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose.
Driving Precautions
Ampicillin is generally not expected to affect the ability to drive or operate machinery. However, if side effects like dizziness occur, caution is advised.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain adequate hydration during treatment.
- Rest as needed to aid recovery.
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