Bpclox
Generic Name
Cloxacillin 125 mg Suspension
Manufacturer
XYZ Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| bpclox 125 mg suspension | ৳ 44.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Bpclox 125 mg Suspension contains Cloxacillin, a penicillinase-resistant antibiotic. It is used to treat various bacterial infections, particularly those caused by penicillinase-producing staphylococci, such as skin and soft tissue infections, bone and joint infections, and respiratory tract infections.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Adults usually take higher strength formulations (e.g., capsules or injections). For mild to moderate infections, 250-500 mg every 6 hours; for severe infections, 1 gram every 6 hours. Not typically prescribed as 125mg suspension.
Elderly
Similar to adult dosage, but dose reduction may be necessary in severe renal impairment. Consult a physician.
Renal_impairment
For creatinine clearance <10 mL/min, dose reduction or extended dosing interval may be needed. Consult a physician.
How to Take
Shake the bottle well before each use. Administer orally, preferably on an empty stomach (e.g., one hour before or two hours after meals) to maximize absorption. Use the provided measuring device for accurate dosing.
Mechanism of Action
Cloxacillin acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located in the bacterial cell wall, which prevents the cross-linking of peptidoglycan units, leading to cell lysis and bacterial death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Within 30-60 minutes of oral administration.
Excretion
Excreted predominantly in the urine (about 35-50% as unchanged drug) and to a lesser extent in bile.
Half life
Approximately 0.5 to 1 hour, typically slightly longer in neonates and individuals with severe renal impairment.
Absorption
Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. Absorption is reduced by the presence of food, so it should be taken on an empty stomach.
Metabolism
Partially metabolized in the liver to active and inactive metabolites. About 10-20% is metabolized.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to penicillin antibiotics or any component of the formulation
- History of severe allergic reaction to other beta-lactam antibiotics
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
May enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, requiring close monitoring of INR.
Methotrexate
Cloxacillin may reduce the renal clearance of methotrexate, leading to increased methotrexate levels and potential toxicity.
Oral Contraceptives
Concomitant use with oral contraceptives may reduce their efficacy, requiring additional contraceptive measures.
Storage
Store dry powder below 30°C, protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children. Reconstituted suspension should be stored in a refrigerator (2-8°C) and discarded after 14 days, or at room temperature (below 30°C) and discarded after 7 days.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and in rare cases, neurological toxicity (e.g., convulsions), especially in patients with impaired renal function. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic. Hemodialysis may be beneficial in severe cases.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have shown no evidence of harm to the fetus, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women are lacking. Use only if clearly needed. Cloxacillin is excreted in breast milk; use with caution in nursing mothers due to potential for sensitization or gastrointestinal disturbances in the infant.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to penicillin antibiotics or any component of the formulation
- History of severe allergic reaction to other beta-lactam antibiotics
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
May enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, requiring close monitoring of INR.
Methotrexate
Cloxacillin may reduce the renal clearance of methotrexate, leading to increased methotrexate levels and potential toxicity.
Oral Contraceptives
Concomitant use with oral contraceptives may reduce their efficacy, requiring additional contraceptive measures.
Storage
Store dry powder below 30°C, protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children. Reconstituted suspension should be stored in a refrigerator (2-8°C) and discarded after 14 days, or at room temperature (below 30°C) and discarded after 7 days.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and in rare cases, neurological toxicity (e.g., convulsions), especially in patients with impaired renal function. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic. Hemodialysis may be beneficial in severe cases.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have shown no evidence of harm to the fetus, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women are lacking. Use only if clearly needed. Cloxacillin is excreted in breast milk; use with caution in nursing mothers due to potential for sensitization or gastrointestinal disturbances in the infant.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years for the dry powder. Once reconstituted, it is stable for 7 days at room temperature or 14 days under refrigeration.
Availability
Pharmacies, hospitals, clinics
Approval Status
Approved by regulatory authorities (e.g., DGDA)
Patent Status
Generic
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Cloxacillin has been extensively studied since its introduction. Current clinical use is supported by decades of observational studies and efficacy data, rather than recent large-scale clinical trials specific to this brand/formulation.
Lab Monitoring
- Liver function tests (especially with prolonged use or in patients with hepatic impairment)
- Kidney function tests (in patients with renal impairment)
- Complete blood count (for prolonged therapy)
Doctor Notes
- Emphasize adherence to the full course of treatment to prevent antibiotic resistance.
- Advise patients on proper reconstitution and administration of the suspension for optimal efficacy.
- Caution about potential allergic reactions, especially in penicillin-allergic patients, and advise prompt medical attention if symptoms occur.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of antibiotics, even if symptoms improve.
- Take on an empty stomach.
- Report any signs of allergic reaction immediately.
- Do not share this medicine with others.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
Cloxacillin is generally not expected to affect the ability to drive or operate machinery. However, if you experience dizziness or other side effects that could impair your concentration, avoid these activities.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hygiene to prevent reinfection.
- Drink plenty of fluids unless advised otherwise.
- Avoid alcohol, as it can worsen gastrointestinal side effects.
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