Cefazone
Generic Name
Cefazolin (as Sodium) 1 gm Injection
Manufacturer
Example Pharma Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
---|---|---|
cefazone 1 gm injection | ৳ 250.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Cefazone 1 gm Injection contains Cefazolin, a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections and for surgical prophylaxis. It works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Typical dose is 250 mg to 1.5 gm every 6 to 8 hours, depending on infection severity. For surgical prophylaxis, 1 gm IV/IM 30-60 minutes before surgery, followed by 500 mg - 1 gm every 6-8 hours for 24 hours post-surgery.
Elderly
Dosage adjustment may be required based on renal function.
Renal_impairment
Dosage must be adjusted based on creatinine clearance to prevent accumulation and adverse effects. Consult specific guidelines for dosage reduction.
How to Take
Administer intramuscularly (IM) or intravenously (IV). For IV administration, it can be given as a slow direct injection over 3-5 minutes or as an intermittent infusion over 30-60 minutes after reconstitution with appropriate diluent.
Mechanism of Action
Cefazolin is a bactericidal antibiotic that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall. This binding prevents the transpeptidation reaction essential for peptidoglycan chain elongation and cross-linking, leading to bacterial cell lysis and death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Rapid (within minutes for IV, within 1-2 hours for IM).
Excretion
Primarily excreted unchanged by the kidneys, primarily via glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. Approximately 60-70% of a dose is excreted in the urine within 6 hours, and virtually all of it within 24 hours.
Half life
Approximately 1.8 hours in adults with normal renal function.
Absorption
Rapidly absorbed after intramuscular (IM) administration, peak plasma concentrations achieved within 1-2 hours. Intravenous (IV) administration results in immediate peak concentrations.
Metabolism
Minimally metabolized; less than 5% is metabolized.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to cefazolin or any other cephalosporin antibiotics.
- History of severe hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylaxis) to any beta-lactam antibiotic (e.g., penicillins).
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Reduces renal clearance of cefazolin, leading to increased and prolonged plasma concentrations.
Aminoglycosides
Concurrent administration may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity.
Oral Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)
May enhance the anticoagulant effect, increasing bleeding risk. Monitor INR.
Storage
Store dry powder at controlled room temperature (20-25°C), protected from light. Reconstituted solution storage depends on diluent; typically stable for 24 hours at room temperature or 10 days refrigerated (2-8°C). Do not freeze.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include seizures, particularly in patients with renal impairment. Management is primarily supportive. In severe cases, hemodialysis may be beneficial to remove cefazolin from the blood.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have not shown a risk, but human data is limited. Use only if clearly needed. Cefazolin is excreted in small amounts in breast milk; caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing mother.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to cefazolin or any other cephalosporin antibiotics.
- History of severe hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylaxis) to any beta-lactam antibiotic (e.g., penicillins).
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Reduces renal clearance of cefazolin, leading to increased and prolonged plasma concentrations.
Aminoglycosides
Concurrent administration may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity.
Oral Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)
May enhance the anticoagulant effect, increasing bleeding risk. Monitor INR.
Storage
Store dry powder at controlled room temperature (20-25°C), protected from light. Reconstituted solution storage depends on diluent; typically stable for 24 hours at room temperature or 10 days refrigerated (2-8°C). Do not freeze.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include seizures, particularly in patients with renal impairment. Management is primarily supportive. In severe cases, hemodialysis may be beneficial to remove cefazolin from the blood.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have not shown a risk, but human data is limited. Use only if clearly needed. Cefazolin is excreted in small amounts in breast milk; caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing mother.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 24-36 months from manufacturing date when stored correctly. Reconstituted solutions have limited shelf life (e.g., 24 hours at room temperature, 10 days under refrigeration).
Availability
Hospitals and retail pharmacies
Approval Status
Approved by major regulatory bodies (e.g., FDA, DGDA)
Patent Status
Off-patent
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Cefazolin has been extensively studied since its introduction in the early 1970s, establishing its efficacy and safety profile through numerous clinical trials for various bacterial infections and surgical prophylaxis.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function tests (blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine) during prolonged therapy or in patients with renal impairment.
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) with differential.
- Liver function tests (ALT, AST) periodically.
Doctor Notes
- Ensure accurate patient history, especially regarding hypersensitivity to beta-lactams.
- Adjust dosage in patients with renal impairment to prevent accumulation and neurotoxicity.
- Monitor for signs of superinfection or C. difficile infection during prolonged treatment.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of antibiotics, even if symptoms improve, to prevent resistance.
- Report any severe or persistent side effects to your doctor immediately.
- Inform your doctor about all other medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking.
- Do not use this medicine for viral infections like the common cold or flu.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, administer it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose.
Driving Precautions
Cefazolin is not known to impair the ability to drive or operate machinery. However, if you experience dizziness or seizures, avoid such activities.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hygiene to prevent spread of infection.
- Ensure adequate fluid intake.
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