Cefazone
Generic Name
Cefazolin (as Cefazone)
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| cefazone 2 gm injection | ৳ 400.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Cefazone 2 gm Injection is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections. It is effective against various Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria. It is commonly used for surgical prophylaxis and treating infections of the skin, soft tissue, bone, joint, urinary tract, and respiratory tract.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
For moderate to severe infections: 500 mg to 1 gm every 6-8 hours, IV or IM. For surgical prophylaxis: 1 gm IV/IM 30-60 minutes before surgery, followed by 500 mg to 1 gm during surgery (if prolonged) and 500 mg to 1 gm every 6-8 hours for 24 hours post-surgery.
Elderly
Dosage adjustment may be necessary based on renal function.
Renal_impairment
Dosage must be reduced in patients with significant renal impairment. Creatinine clearance <50 mL/min requires dose adjustment.
How to Take
Cefazone 2 gm injection can be administered either intramuscularly (IM) or intravenously (IV). For IV administration, it should be diluted and given as a slow injection over 3-5 minutes or as an intermittent infusion over 30-60 minutes.
Mechanism of Action
Cefazolin, like other beta-lactam antibiotics, acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located in the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, thereby interfering with the transpeptidation reaction essential for peptidoglycan synthesis, leading to cell lysis and bacterial death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Peak serum concentrations are achieved within 1 hour after IM injection and immediately after IV administration.
Excretion
Excreted primarily by the kidneys, through glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. Approximately 80% to 100% of the dose is recovered in the urine within 24 hours.
Half life
Approximately 1.8 hours (range 1.2 to 2.2 hours).
Absorption
Rapidly and completely absorbed after intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) administration.
Metabolism
Minimally metabolized; primarily excreted unchanged.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to cefazolin or any other cephalosporin antibiotic.
- Severe hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylactic reaction) to any other beta-lactam antibiotic (e.g., penicillins).
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Increases and prolongs plasma concentrations of cefazolin.
Warfarin and other anticoagulants
May increase the anticoagulant effect. Monitor INR/PT.
Nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., aminoglycosides, loop diuretics)
May increase the risk of nephrotoxicity. Monitor renal function.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Reconstituted solution should be used immediately or within 24 hours if refrigerated.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include convulsions, dizziness, headache, and paresthesia. Management is primarily supportive. Hemodialysis may be useful in accelerating the removal of cefazolin from the blood, especially in patients with impaired renal function.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have shown no evidence of harm to the fetus. However, use in pregnancy should be with caution and only if clearly needed. Cefazolin is excreted in human milk in low concentrations; caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing mother.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to cefazolin or any other cephalosporin antibiotic.
- Severe hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylactic reaction) to any other beta-lactam antibiotic (e.g., penicillins).
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Increases and prolongs plasma concentrations of cefazolin.
Warfarin and other anticoagulants
May increase the anticoagulant effect. Monitor INR/PT.
Nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., aminoglycosides, loop diuretics)
May increase the risk of nephrotoxicity. Monitor renal function.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Reconstituted solution should be used immediately or within 24 hours if refrigerated.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include convulsions, dizziness, headache, and paresthesia. Management is primarily supportive. Hemodialysis may be useful in accelerating the removal of cefazolin from the blood, especially in patients with impaired renal function.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have shown no evidence of harm to the fetus. However, use in pregnancy should be with caution and only if clearly needed. Cefazolin is excreted in human milk in low concentrations; caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing mother.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Refer to manufacturer's packaging for specific shelf life, typically 2-3 years from manufacturing date.
Availability
Available in pharmacies and hospitals nationwide
Approval Status
Approved by DGDA
Patent Status
Off-patent
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Cefazolin has undergone extensive clinical trials since its development and is a well-established antibiotic. Ongoing trials may investigate new applications or comparisons with newer antibiotics.
Lab Monitoring
- Monitor renal function (creatinine, BUN) in patients with pre-existing renal impairment or during prolonged high-dose therapy.
- Periodic complete blood count (CBC) for prolonged treatment durations.
Doctor Notes
- Perform appropriate cultures and susceptibility tests before initiating treatment.
- Caution in patients with a history of penicillin allergy, as cross-hypersensitivity can occur.
- Adjust dose in renal impairment according to creatinine clearance.
Patient Guidelines
- Inform your doctor about any allergies, especially to penicillins or other antibiotics.
- Complete the full course of treatment as prescribed, even if symptoms improve, to prevent recurrence and resistance.
- Report any severe or persistent side effects, such as severe diarrhea, rash, or breathing difficulties, immediately.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, it should be administered as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with the regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose.
Driving Precautions
Cefazolin is not known to impair the ability to drive or operate machinery. However, if side effects like dizziness occur, patients should avoid such activities.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hygiene to prevent secondary infections.
- Stay well-hydrated.
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