Cefinaaf
Generic Name
Cefixime 400 mg Capsule
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| cefinaaf 400 mg capsule | ৳ 55.00 | ৳ 385.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Cefixime is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections including those of the urinary tract, ear, throat, and respiratory tract. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
The usual adult dose is 400 mg once daily, or 200 mg every 12 hours. The duration of treatment depends on the type and severity of the infection, typically 7-14 days.
Elderly
No specific dose adjustment is generally required for elderly patients unless they have severe renal impairment.
Renal_impairment
For creatinine clearance 21-60 mL/min, 300 mg daily. For creatinine clearance < 20 mL/min, 200 mg daily. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis patients require close monitoring and dose adjustment.
How to Take
Cefinaaf capsule can be taken with or without food. However, taking it with food may help to reduce gastrointestinal upset. Swallow the capsule whole with a glass of water.
Mechanism of Action
Cefixime acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, which prevents the cross-linking of peptidoglycan polymers that are essential for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This leads to the disruption of the cell wall, eventually causing bacterial lysis and death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Peak plasma concentrations are achieved 2-6 hours following a single oral dose.
Excretion
Approximately 50% of an absorbed dose is excreted unchanged in the urine over 24 hours. Some biliary excretion also occurs.
Half life
The plasma half-life is typically 3-4 hours, which can be prolonged in patients with renal impairment.
Absorption
Approximately 40-50% orally absorbed. Food may delay absorption but does not significantly alter the extent of absorption.
Metabolism
Cefixime is not extensively metabolized in the liver; no active metabolites have been identified.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to cefixime, any other cephalosporin antibiotics, or to any of the excipients.
- History of severe hypersensitivity reactions to penicillin (due to potential cross-allergenicity).
Drug Interactions
Nefinavir
Absorption of cefixime may be affected when administered with nefinavir. Monitoring for therapeutic efficacy is advised.
Carbamazepine
Concomitant administration may increase carbamazepine plasma levels. Monitoring of carbamazepine levels should be considered.
Oral Contraceptives
Some antibiotics may reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives. Patients should be advised to use an additional method of contraception.
Warfarin and other anticoagulants
May increase prothrombin time (INR), leading to an increased risk of bleeding. Close monitoring of INR is recommended.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place, below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of overdose, gastric lavage may be indicated. There is no specific antidote. Treatment is primarily supportive. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis do not remove cefixime from the body in significant amounts.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have not shown harm to the fetus. However, there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefixime is excreted in small amounts in human milk; use with caution during lactation.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to cefixime, any other cephalosporin antibiotics, or to any of the excipients.
- History of severe hypersensitivity reactions to penicillin (due to potential cross-allergenicity).
Drug Interactions
Nefinavir
Absorption of cefixime may be affected when administered with nefinavir. Monitoring for therapeutic efficacy is advised.
Carbamazepine
Concomitant administration may increase carbamazepine plasma levels. Monitoring of carbamazepine levels should be considered.
Oral Contraceptives
Some antibiotics may reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives. Patients should be advised to use an additional method of contraception.
Warfarin and other anticoagulants
May increase prothrombin time (INR), leading to an increased risk of bleeding. Close monitoring of INR is recommended.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place, below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of overdose, gastric lavage may be indicated. There is no specific antidote. Treatment is primarily supportive. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis do not remove cefixime from the body in significant amounts.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have not shown harm to the fetus. However, there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefixime is excreted in small amounts in human milk; use with caution during lactation.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
2-3 years from the date of manufacture when stored properly.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved (Widely)
Patent Status
Generic
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Cefixime has undergone extensive clinical trials demonstrating its efficacy and safety across various bacterial infections in adults and pediatric populations.
Lab Monitoring
- Periodic assessment of renal function is advisable during prolonged therapy.
- Prothrombin time (INR) should be monitored in patients receiving concomitant anticoagulants.
- Liver function tests may be considered in patients with pre-existing hepatic impairment or during prolonged treatment.
Doctor Notes
- Prescribe judiciously to minimize the risk of antibiotic resistance.
- Consider renal function adjustment in elderly patients and those with known renal impairment.
- Advise patients on the importance of completing the full course of therapy.
Patient Guidelines
- Take the medicine exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not stop taking it early, even if you feel better.
- Report any severe or persistent diarrhea to your doctor immediately, as it could be a sign of a serious condition.
- Inform your doctor about all other medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking.
- Avoid alcohol during the course of treatment.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
Cefinaaf may cause dizziness in some individuals. If you experience dizziness, avoid driving or operating heavy machinery.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hydration by drinking plenty of fluids.
- Follow a balanced diet. If experiencing gastrointestinal upset, try taking the capsule with food.
- Avoid unnecessary exposure to antibiotics to prevent resistance.
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