Ciprofloxacin
Generic Name
Ciprofloxacin 250 mg Tablet
Manufacturer
Various Pharmaceutical Companies
Country
Global
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| ciprofloxacin 250 mg tablet | ৳ 8.50 | ৳ 85.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic belonging to the fluoroquinolone class. It is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections including those of the urinary tract, respiratory tract, skin, bone, and joints.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
The usual dosage for ciprofloxacin 250 mg is 250-750 mg orally twice daily, depending on the severity and type of infection. For uncomplicated UTIs, 250 mg twice daily for 3 days may be prescribed. For other infections, higher doses or longer durations may be needed.
Elderly
No specific dose adjustment is required based solely on age, but renal function should be assessed, and dosage adjusted accordingly for impaired renal function.
Renal_impairment
For creatinine clearance 30-60 mL/min, 250-500 mg every 12 hours. For creatinine clearance <30 mL/min, 250-500 mg every 18-24 hours.
How to Take
Take orally with a full glass of water, with or without food. Do not chew or crush the tablet. Avoid taking with dairy products or calcium-fortified juices as they can reduce absorption. Take at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after antacids containing magnesium, aluminum, or calcium, or products containing iron or zinc.
Mechanism of Action
Ciprofloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes essential for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination, leading to bacterial cell death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
0.5 to 2 hours
Excretion
Excreted mainly by the kidneys (approximately 50-70% as unchanged drug) and partially through feces (15%).
Half life
3 to 5 hours
Absorption
Rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; bioavailability is approximately 70-80%. Peak plasma concentrations are achieved within 0.5-2 hours.
Metabolism
Approximately 15-30% is metabolized in the liver into less active metabolites.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin, other fluoroquinolones, or any excipients of the product.
- Concomitant administration with tizanidine.
Drug Interactions
Caffeine
Decreased clearance of caffeine, leading to increased caffeine levels and potential adverse effects.
Warfarin
Potentiation of anticoagulant effect, leading to increased bleeding risk. Monitor INR frequently.
Tizanidine
Concomitant use is contraindicated due to increased tizanidine plasma concentrations, leading to hypotension and somnolence.
Cyclosporine
Increased plasma levels of cyclosporine, monitor renal function.
Theophylline
Increased plasma concentrations of theophylline, leading to increased risk of toxicity. Monitor theophylline levels.
Antacids/Iron/Zinc/Multivitamins
Reduced absorption of ciprofloxacin if taken concurrently. Administer ciprofloxacin 2 hours before or 6 hours after these agents.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from direct light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In the event of an acute overdose, gastric lavage may be performed. The patient should be carefully observed and given supportive treatment, including hydration. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis remove only a small amount of ciprofloxacin from the body.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Ciprofloxacin is Pregnancy Category C. It should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Ciprofloxacin is excreted into breast milk; therefore, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin, other fluoroquinolones, or any excipients of the product.
- Concomitant administration with tizanidine.
Drug Interactions
Caffeine
Decreased clearance of caffeine, leading to increased caffeine levels and potential adverse effects.
Warfarin
Potentiation of anticoagulant effect, leading to increased bleeding risk. Monitor INR frequently.
Tizanidine
Concomitant use is contraindicated due to increased tizanidine plasma concentrations, leading to hypotension and somnolence.
Cyclosporine
Increased plasma levels of cyclosporine, monitor renal function.
Theophylline
Increased plasma concentrations of theophylline, leading to increased risk of toxicity. Monitor theophylline levels.
Antacids/Iron/Zinc/Multivitamins
Reduced absorption of ciprofloxacin if taken concurrently. Administer ciprofloxacin 2 hours before or 6 hours after these agents.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from direct light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In the event of an acute overdose, gastric lavage may be performed. The patient should be carefully observed and given supportive treatment, including hydration. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis remove only a small amount of ciprofloxacin from the body.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Ciprofloxacin is Pregnancy Category C. It should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Ciprofloxacin is excreted into breast milk; therefore, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
2 to 3 years from the date of manufacture, depending on the manufacturer.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
FDA approved, DGDA approved
Patent Status
Patent expired
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Numerous clinical trials have confirmed ciprofloxacin's efficacy and safety across a wide range of bacterial infections. Post-marketing surveillance continues to monitor long-term effects and new safety concerns.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function tests (creatinine, BUN) in patients with impaired renal function or elderly.
- Liver function tests (ALT, AST) if liver impairment is suspected.
- Complete blood count (CBC) during prolonged therapy.
- Blood glucose levels in diabetic patients (risk of dysglycemia).
Doctor Notes
- Always counsel patients on the Black Box Warning associated with fluoroquinolones, particularly regarding tendinopathy and peripheral neuropathy.
- Emphasize the importance of completing the full course of therapy to ensure eradication of infection and prevent resistance.
- Monitor renal function, especially in elderly patients or those with pre-existing renal impairment, and adjust dosage accordingly.
- Advise patients to report any unusual muscle pain, weakness, numbness, or tingling sensations promptly.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of medication, even if symptoms improve, to prevent recurrence and development of resistance.
- Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids during treatment.
- Avoid excessive sun exposure and use sun protection as ciprofloxacin can increase photosensitivity.
- Report any tendon pain, swelling, or unusual sensations (numbness, tingling) immediately to your doctor.
- Avoid taking ciprofloxacin with dairy products, antacids, or iron/zinc supplements; separate dosing by several hours.
- Do not drive or operate machinery if you experience dizziness or lightheadedness.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
Ciprofloxacin may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or visual disturbances in some patients. Patients should be advised to know how they react to ciprofloxacin before driving or operating machinery.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hygiene to prevent further infections. Ensure adequate rest. Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, which can impact overall health and recovery.
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