Ciprofloxacin
Generic Name
Ciprofloxacin 500 mg Tablet
Manufacturer
Various Generic Manufacturers (e.g., Square Pharmaceuticals, Beximco Pharma in BD)
Country
Global
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| ciprofloxacin 500 mg tablet | ৳ 15.00 | ৳ 150.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, bone and joint infections, and certain gastrointestinal infections.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Typical dose for most infections: 250-750 mg orally twice daily, depending on the infection severity and type. Duration varies from 7 to 14 days.
Elderly
No specific dose adjustment is needed based solely on age, but renal function should be considered.
Renal_impairment
Dosage adjustment is necessary for patients with creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min. Typically, the dose interval is extended or the dose is reduced.
How to Take
Take orally, with or without food. Do not take with dairy products (milk, yogurt) or calcium-fortified juices alone, as they can reduce absorption. Antacids containing magnesium or aluminum, iron, or zinc supplements should be taken at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after ciprofloxacin.
Mechanism of Action
Ciprofloxacin works by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes essential for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. This leads to disruption of bacterial DNA and cell death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Within 30-60 minutes for antibacterial effects.
Excretion
Primarily excreted unchanged in the urine (40-50%) and to a lesser extent via feces (20-35%).
Half life
Approximately 3-5 hours.
Absorption
Rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; bioavailability is approximately 70%. Peak plasma concentrations are reached 1-2 hours after oral administration.
Metabolism
Partially metabolized in the liver to four active metabolites (desethyleneciprofloxacin, sulfociprofloxacin, oxociprofloxacin, and formylciprofloxacin), though the parent compound remains predominant.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other quinolones
- Co-administration with tizanidine
- History of myasthenia gravis (due to potential for exacerbation)
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
May increase CNS stimulation and risk of seizures (rare)
Warfarin
Increased anticoagulant effects, monitor INR
Tizanidine
Increased risk of hypotension and somnolence (contraindicated)
Theophylline
Increased theophylline levels, monitor closely
Antacids (Mg/Al), Sucralfate, Iron, Zinc
Decreased ciprofloxacin absorption, separate administration times.
Storage
Store at room temperature (20-25°C), away from moisture and light. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Limited data on overdose. Symptoms may include renal toxicity. Management includes emptying the stomach by induced vomiting or gastric lavage, monitoring of renal function, and maintaining adequate hydration. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is not effective in removing ciprofloxacin.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Not recommended during pregnancy unless the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Ciprofloxacin is excreted into breast milk; therefore, use is generally not recommended during lactation.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other quinolones
- Co-administration with tizanidine
- History of myasthenia gravis (due to potential for exacerbation)
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
May increase CNS stimulation and risk of seizures (rare)
Warfarin
Increased anticoagulant effects, monitor INR
Tizanidine
Increased risk of hypotension and somnolence (contraindicated)
Theophylline
Increased theophylline levels, monitor closely
Antacids (Mg/Al), Sucralfate, Iron, Zinc
Decreased ciprofloxacin absorption, separate administration times.
Storage
Store at room temperature (20-25°C), away from moisture and light. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Limited data on overdose. Symptoms may include renal toxicity. Management includes emptying the stomach by induced vomiting or gastric lavage, monitoring of renal function, and maintaining adequate hydration. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is not effective in removing ciprofloxacin.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Not recommended during pregnancy unless the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Ciprofloxacin is excreted into breast milk; therefore, use is generally not recommended during lactation.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
2-3 years from the date of manufacture, depending on the manufacturer.
Availability
Available in pharmacies and hospitals worldwide
Approval Status
Approved by FDA (USA), DGDA (Bangladesh)
Patent Status
Off-patent, widely available as generic
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Extensive clinical trials have established ciprofloxacin's efficacy and safety for various bacterial infections since its introduction. Ongoing post-marketing surveillance and studies continue to monitor its profile.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function tests (e.g., creatinine clearance) in patients with impaired renal function.
- Liver function tests (e.g., ALT, AST) if liver dysfunction is suspected.
- Complete blood count (CBC) during prolonged therapy.
Doctor Notes
- Counsel patients on black box warnings, particularly concerning tendinopathy and neuropathy.
- Consider alternative antibiotics in elderly patients or those with pre-existing risk factors for tendon rupture.
- Adjust dose in renal impairment. Avoid concomitant use with tizanidine.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the entire course of medication, even if symptoms improve, to prevent resistance.
- Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids.
- Avoid excessive exposure to sunlight or artificial UV light, as ciprofloxacin can increase photosensitivity.
- Report any unusual pain, swelling, or inflammation of joints or tendons immediately to your doctor.
- Do not take with dairy products or antacids containing magnesium/aluminum.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
Ciprofloxacin may cause dizziness or lightheadedness, affecting the ability to drive or operate machinery. Patients should be advised to assess their reaction to the drug before driving or engaging in activities requiring mental alertness.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hygiene to prevent reinfection.
- Avoid consuming alcohol excessively while on medication, though direct interaction is minimal.
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.
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