Cipronor
Generic Name
Ciprofloxacin
Manufacturer
Incepta Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| cipronor 500 mg tablet | ৳ 14.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections, including those of the urinary tract, respiratory tract, skin, bone, and joint. It belongs to the fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Typical dose: 250 mg to 750 mg orally twice daily, depending on the infection type and severity. For most common infections, 500 mg twice daily is usual.
Elderly
No specific dose adjustment is needed based on age alone; adjust based on renal function.
Renal_impairment
Reduce dosage in patients with creatinine clearance < 50 mL/min. For CrCl 30-50 mL/min, 250-500 mg every 12 hours. For CrCl < 30 mL/min, 250-500 mg every 18-24 hours.
How to Take
Take orally with a glass of water, with or without food. Do not take with dairy products (milk, yogurt) or calcium-fortified juices alone, or with antacids containing magnesium or aluminum, as these can reduce absorption. Maintain adequate fluid intake.
Mechanism of Action
Ciprofloxacin works by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes necessary for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. This leads to bacterial cell death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Within 0.5-2 hours for antibacterial action.
Excretion
Primarily renal excretion (via glomerular filtration and tubular secretion) and to a lesser extent via feces/bile.
Half life
Approximately 3-5 hours.
Absorption
Rapid and well absorbed orally, with bioavailability around 70%. Peak plasma concentrations are reached 1-2 hours after administration.
Metabolism
Partially metabolized in the liver (to less active metabolites via CYP450 system) but primarily excreted unchanged.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to Ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones
- Concomitant administration with Tizanidine (due to risk of severe hypotension and sedation)
Drug Interactions
Caffeine
Decreased clearance of caffeine, leading to increased caffeine levels.
Warfarin
Potentiation of anticoagulant effect, increased risk of bleeding.
Tizanidine
Increased plasma levels of Tizanidine, leading to hypotension and sedation.
Theophylline
Increased plasma levels of Theophylline, leading to toxicity.
Antacids (Magnesium/Aluminum), Sucralfate, Didanosine (chewable/buffered tablets)
Reduced absorption of Ciprofloxacin; administer Ciprofloxacin 2-6 hours before or after.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include dizziness, tremor, headache, tiredness, seizures, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Management is primarily supportive and symptomatic. Gastric lavage and activated charcoal may be considered. Maintain adequate hydration.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Ciprofloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is excreted in human milk and may cause adverse effects in a nursing infant. A decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to Ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones
- Concomitant administration with Tizanidine (due to risk of severe hypotension and sedation)
Drug Interactions
Caffeine
Decreased clearance of caffeine, leading to increased caffeine levels.
Warfarin
Potentiation of anticoagulant effect, increased risk of bleeding.
Tizanidine
Increased plasma levels of Tizanidine, leading to hypotension and sedation.
Theophylline
Increased plasma levels of Theophylline, leading to toxicity.
Antacids (Magnesium/Aluminum), Sucralfate, Didanosine (chewable/buffered tablets)
Reduced absorption of Ciprofloxacin; administer Ciprofloxacin 2-6 hours before or after.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include dizziness, tremor, headache, tiredness, seizures, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Management is primarily supportive and symptomatic. Gastric lavage and activated charcoal may be considered. Maintain adequate hydration.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Ciprofloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is excreted in human milk and may cause adverse effects in a nursing infant. A decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years from manufacturing date.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved by major regulatory bodies (e.g., FDA, DGDA)
Patent Status
Off-patent (generic available)
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ciprofloxacin has undergone extensive clinical trials supporting its efficacy and safety for various bacterial infections since its introduction. Ongoing trials may explore new indications or formulations.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function (creatinine clearance) in patients with kidney impairment
- Liver function tests (ALT, AST) if long-term treatment or pre-existing liver conditions
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) in long-term therapy
Doctor Notes
- Advise patients to complete the entire course of therapy, even if symptoms improve, to prevent resistance.
- Caution about potential for tendon damage and peripheral neuropathy; instruct patients to report any symptoms immediately.
- Avoid co-administration with tizanidine, antacids, or dairy products. Adjust dose for renal impairment.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of treatment as prescribed, even if symptoms improve.
- Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids.
- Avoid excessive sun exposure and use sunscreen, as Ciprofloxacin can increase sensitivity to sunlight.
- Report any unusual pain, swelling, or inflammation of tendons immediately.
- Avoid driving or operating machinery if you experience dizziness or lightheadedness.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
Ciprofloxacin may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or seizures in some individuals, which could impair the ability to drive or operate machinery. Patients should be cautioned about these potential effects and advised to avoid such activities if they experience them.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hygiene to prevent reinfection.
- Ensure adequate rest to support recovery.
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