Citazar
Generic Name
Citazar-250-mg-tablet
Manufacturer
MediPharma Inc.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| citazar 250 mg tablet | ৳ 15.11 | ৳ 151.10 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Citazar 250 mg Tablet is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections in adults. It belongs to the fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics, working by inhibiting bacterial DNA replication.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
For most infections, 250 mg once daily. For severe infections, dosage may be increased to 500 mg once daily, as directed by physician.
Elderly
No specific dose adjustment is required unless there is significant renal impairment.
Renal_impairment
Dose adjustment required based on creatinine clearance. For CrCl < 30 mL/min, reduce dose to 125 mg once daily or as prescribed.
How to Take
Take the tablet orally with a glass of water, with or without food. Do not crush or chew the tablet. It should be taken at the same time each day to maintain consistent drug levels.
Mechanism of Action
Citazar inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, essential enzymes involved in bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. This leads to disruption of bacterial DNA and ultimately bacterial cell death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Within 1-2 hours of administration.
Excretion
Mainly excreted unchanged in the urine, with some elimination via feces.
Half life
Approximately 5-8 hours, allowing for once or twice daily dosing.
Absorption
Rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Peak plasma concentrations are reached within 1-2 hours.
Metabolism
Primarily metabolized in the liver, with a small percentage undergoing biotransformation.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to Citazar or other fluoroquinolones
- History of tendon disorders related to fluoroquinolone use
- Children and adolescents below 18 years of age
- History of epilepsy or other seizure disorders
- Known QTc prolongation or risk factors for Torsades de Pointes
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
May increase the risk of CNS stimulation and seizures.
Warfarin
May enhance the anticoagulant effects of warfarin, requiring INR monitoring.
Corticosteroids
Increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture.
Antacids, iron, zinc supplements
Reduce absorption of Citazar. Administer Citazar 2 hours before or 4 hours after these agents.
Antiarrhythmics (Class IA and III)
Increased risk of QTc prolongation and arrhythmias.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from direct light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of an overdose, symptomatic treatment is recommended. Gastric lavage and activated charcoal may be considered within the first few hours. Monitor ECG for QTc prolongation and vital signs. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is not effective in removing Citazar.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Citazar should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is excreted in human milk; therefore, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to Citazar or other fluoroquinolones
- History of tendon disorders related to fluoroquinolone use
- Children and adolescents below 18 years of age
- History of epilepsy or other seizure disorders
- Known QTc prolongation or risk factors for Torsades de Pointes
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
May increase the risk of CNS stimulation and seizures.
Warfarin
May enhance the anticoagulant effects of warfarin, requiring INR monitoring.
Corticosteroids
Increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture.
Antacids, iron, zinc supplements
Reduce absorption of Citazar. Administer Citazar 2 hours before or 4 hours after these agents.
Antiarrhythmics (Class IA and III)
Increased risk of QTc prolongation and arrhythmias.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from direct light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of an overdose, symptomatic treatment is recommended. Gastric lavage and activated charcoal may be considered within the first few hours. Monitor ECG for QTc prolongation and vital signs. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is not effective in removing Citazar.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Citazar should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is excreted in human milk; therefore, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
24 months from manufacturing date
Availability
Pharmacies, hospitals
Approval Status
Approved (Hypothetical regulatory body)
Patent Status
Patent Pending
Clinical Trials
Clinical trials demonstrated Citazar's efficacy against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with a favorable safety profile compared to existing fluoroquinolones. Phase III trials confirmed non-inferiority for various indicated infections.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function (creatinine clearance) in patients with kidney impairment
- Liver function tests (LFTs) if clinical signs of hepatic dysfunction appear
- INR for patients on warfarin
- ECG monitoring for patients with risk factors for QTc prolongation
Doctor Notes
- Advise patients on the importance of completing the full course of antibiotic.
- Counsel patients regarding potential tendon-related adverse effects and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy.
- Caution against concurrent use with antacids, dairy products, and certain antiarrhythmics.
- Monitor renal function in elderly and renally impaired patients.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of Citazar, even if symptoms improve, to prevent resistance.
- Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids.
- Avoid excessive exposure to direct sunlight or artificial UV light while taking Citazar and for several days after stopping treatment.
- Report any sudden pain or swelling in joints or tendons immediately to your doctor.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
Citazar may cause dizziness or lightheadedness, which could impair your ability to drive or operate machinery. Exercise caution until you know how the medication affects you.
Lifestyle Advice
- Avoid vigorous exercise or activities that put stress on tendons during treatment.
- Maintain a balanced diet and avoid self-medication.
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