Cytosor
Generic Name
Ceftriaxone Sodium 500 mg Injection
Manufacturer
Plausible Pharma Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| cytosor 500 mg injection | ৳ 900.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Cytosor 500 mg Injection contains Ceftriaxone, a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. It is administered intravenously or intramuscularly.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Typically 1-2 g administered once daily (every 24 hours) intravenously (IV) or intramuscularly (IM), depending on the infection. For severe infections, up to 4 g once daily.
Elderly
No specific dosage adjustment is usually required, but caution is advised in patients with severe renal or hepatic impairment.
Renal_impairment
No dosage adjustment needed for mild to moderate impairment. For severe impairment (creatinine clearance <10 mL/min) or dialysis patients, monitoring of plasma concentrations and dose adjustment may be considered.
How to Take
Cytosor 500 mg Injection can be administered via intravenous (IV) infusion over 30 minutes or deep intramuscular (IM) injection. For IM administration, it should be diluted with Lidocaine 1% solution (without epinephrine) for pain reduction. IV administration should not be with calcium-containing solutions.
Mechanism of Action
Ceftriaxone is a bactericidal agent that acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It specifically binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, which prevents the cross-linking of peptidoglycans, essential for bacterial cell wall integrity and strength, leading to cell lysis and death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Within 2-3 hours for therapeutic effect.
Excretion
Renal (approx. 50%) and biliary/fecal (approx. 50%) excretion.
Half life
Approximately 5.8 to 8.7 hours (prolonged in neonates and elderly).
Absorption
Rapid and complete absorption after intramuscular administration; 100% bioavailability for IV administration.
Metabolism
Not extensively metabolized; approximately 33-67% excreted unchanged in urine and bile.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to Ceftriaxone, any other cephalosporin, or any component of the formulation.
- Patients with previous immediate and severe hypersensitivity reactions to penicillin or any other beta-lactam antibacterial agent.
- Neonates (≤28 days) with hyperbilirubinemia, especially premature neonates, due to the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy.
- Neonates (≤28 days) requiring (or expected to require) IV calcium-containing solutions because of the risk of precipitation of ceftriaxone-calcium salt.
Drug Interactions
Alcohol
Disulfiram-like reactions (flushing, sweating, tachycardia) may occur, though less common than with other cephalosporins.
Aminoglycosides
Synergistic effect against certain bacteria, but physical incompatibility can occur if mixed directly.
Calcium-containing solutions
Ceftriaxone should not be mixed or co-administered with calcium-containing solutions, even via different infusion lines, in neonates and other age groups, due to the risk of precipitation.
Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide)
No significant interaction, but caution in patients with renal impairment.
Oral anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)
Increased prothrombin time/INR and bleeding risk; close monitoring is advised.
Storage
Store below 30°C, protected from light and moisture. Do not freeze. Reconstituted solution should be used immediately or within 24 hours if refrigerated (2-8°C).
Overdose
In case of overdose, symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Management is primarily symptomatic and supportive. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis will not enhance the elimination of ceftriaxone.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have not shown harm to the fetus. However, there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Ceftriaxone is excreted in low concentrations in breast milk; caution is advised when administered to a nursing woman.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to Ceftriaxone, any other cephalosporin, or any component of the formulation.
- Patients with previous immediate and severe hypersensitivity reactions to penicillin or any other beta-lactam antibacterial agent.
- Neonates (≤28 days) with hyperbilirubinemia, especially premature neonates, due to the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy.
- Neonates (≤28 days) requiring (or expected to require) IV calcium-containing solutions because of the risk of precipitation of ceftriaxone-calcium salt.
Drug Interactions
Alcohol
Disulfiram-like reactions (flushing, sweating, tachycardia) may occur, though less common than with other cephalosporins.
Aminoglycosides
Synergistic effect against certain bacteria, but physical incompatibility can occur if mixed directly.
Calcium-containing solutions
Ceftriaxone should not be mixed or co-administered with calcium-containing solutions, even via different infusion lines, in neonates and other age groups, due to the risk of precipitation.
Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide)
No significant interaction, but caution in patients with renal impairment.
Oral anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)
Increased prothrombin time/INR and bleeding risk; close monitoring is advised.
Storage
Store below 30°C, protected from light and moisture. Do not freeze. Reconstituted solution should be used immediately or within 24 hours if refrigerated (2-8°C).
Overdose
In case of overdose, symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Management is primarily symptomatic and supportive. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis will not enhance the elimination of ceftriaxone.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have not shown harm to the fetus. However, there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Ceftriaxone is excreted in low concentrations in breast milk; caution is advised when administered to a nursing woman.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
24-36 months from the date of manufacture.
Availability
Hospitals and Retail Pharmacies
Approval Status
Approved (General)
Patent Status
Patent expired
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ceftriaxone has undergone extensive clinical trials demonstrating its efficacy and safety across various bacterial infections since its introduction. Ongoing post-marketing surveillance continues to monitor its profile.
Lab Monitoring
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) including differential (especially for prolonged therapy).
- Renal function tests (e.g., BUN, creatinine) for patients with pre-existing renal impairment.
- Liver function tests (e.g., ALT, AST, bilirubin) in patients with hepatic impairment or if abnormalities develop.
- Prothrombin time/INR for patients on anticoagulants.
Doctor Notes
- Always check for a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporins or penicillins before administration.
- Avoid co-administration with calcium-containing solutions, particularly in neonates.
- Monitor for signs of C. difficile-associated diarrhea, especially during or after prolonged therapy.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of treatment as prescribed by your doctor, even if you feel better.
- Do not share this medication with others.
- Inform your doctor if you experience severe or persistent diarrhea.
- Report any signs of allergic reaction immediately.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, administer it as soon as remembered. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
Ceftriaxone generally does not affect the ability to drive or operate machinery. However, if side effects like dizziness occur, patients should avoid such activities.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain adequate hydration.
- Avoid alcohol consumption if advised by your doctor.
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