Adults

For hypertension: Initial dose 625 mg once daily, may be increased to 1250 mg once daily after 1-2 weeks based on response. For angina/heart failure: Doses should be carefully titrated upwards starting from lower strengths (if available).

Elderly

Lower initial dose may be considered, and titration should be slower due to potential for increased sensitivity and decreased renal function.

Renal_impairment

No dose adjustment generally needed for mild to moderate impairment. For severe renal impairment (CrCl < 30 mL/min), dose reduction by 50% or increased dosing interval may be required. Consult physician.

Onset

Antihypertensive effect usually observed within 1 hour, full effect within 1-2 weeks of regular dosing.

Excretion

Approximately 40% excreted unchanged in urine, and the remainder as metabolites via renal and fecal routes.

Half life

Elimination half-life typically ranges from 6 to 10 hours.

Absorption

Well absorbed orally with approximately 60-80% bioavailability. Peak plasma concentrations are reached within 2-4 hours.

Metabolism

Extensively metabolized in the liver, primarily via CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 enzymes, with several active and inactive metabolites.

Digitalis Glycosides

Increased risk of bradycardia and AV block.

Insulin and Oral Antidiabetics

Beta-blockers may mask symptoms of hypoglycemia (e.g., tachycardia) and alter glucose metabolism. Adjust antidiabetic dosage as needed.

NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs)

May reduce the antihypertensive effect of Dilol.

Calcium Channel Blockers (e.g., Verapamil, Diltiazem)

Increased risk of bradycardia, AV block, and hypotension. Monitor cardiac function closely.

Catecholamine-depleting drugs (e.g., Reserpine, Guanethidine)

May have an additive effect, leading to excessive reduction in sympathetic tone (e.g., bradycardia, hypotension).