Etform
Generic Name
Metformin Hydrochloride
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| etform 850 mg tablet | ৳ 6.00 | ৳ 60.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Etform 850 mg Tablet contains Metformin Hydrochloride, an oral antidiabetic drug used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly in overweight patients when diet and exercise alone have not provided adequate glycemic control. It helps to lower blood glucose levels by decreasing glucose production in the liver, decreasing glucose absorption from the intestine, and improving insulin sensitivity.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Initial dose is usually 500 mg or 850 mg once or twice daily with meals. Dosage may be increased gradually up to a maximum of 2550 mg per day in divided doses. Etform 850 mg: One tablet two to three times daily with or after meals.
Elderly
Dose should be adjusted based on renal function. Initiate with a low dose and titrate cautiously due to potential for decreased renal function.
Renal_impairment
Contraindicated in severe renal impairment (eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m²). Dose reduction required for moderate impairment (eGFR 30-45 mL/min/1.73 m²).
How to Take
Take Etform 850 mg Tablet orally with or after meals to minimize gastrointestinal side effects. Swallow the tablet whole with a glass of water, do not crush or chew.
Mechanism of Action
Metformin primarily acts by decreasing hepatic glucose production (gluconeogenesis) and increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues (muscle and fat), leading to increased glucose uptake and utilization. It also delays intestinal glucose absorption. Unlike sulfonylureas, it does not stimulate insulin secretion and therefore does not cause hypoglycemia in monotherapy.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Onset of glucose-lowering effect is gradual, typically observed within days to weeks.
Excretion
Renal excretion. Approximately 90% of the absorbed drug is eliminated via the renal route within 24 hours.
Half life
The plasma elimination half-life is approximately 6.2 hours.
Absorption
Absolute bioavailability of a Metformin 500 mg tablet given under fasting conditions is approximately 50-60%. Food decreases the extent and slightly delays the absorption of Metformin. Peak plasma concentrations are reached within 2.5 hours.
Metabolism
Metformin is excreted unchanged in the urine and does not undergo hepatic metabolism (no biotransformation) or biliary excretion.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- •Hypersensitivity to Metformin or any excipient.
- •Diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetic precoma.
- •Renal failure or dysfunction (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min or eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m²).
- •Acute conditions with potential to alter renal function (e.g., dehydration, severe infection, shock).
- •Acute or chronic disease which may cause tissue hypoxia (e.g., cardiac failure, respiratory failure, recent myocardial infarction, shock).
- •Hepatic insufficiency, acute alcohol intoxication, alcoholism.
Drug Interactions
Iodinated contrast agents
Temporarily discontinue Metformin at the time of or prior to iodinated contrast imaging procedures and for 48 hours afterward to avoid lactic acidosis risk.
Diuretics (especially loop diuretics)
May increase the risk of lactic acidosis by reducing renal function.
Corticosteroids, sympathomimetics, phenothiazines
May increase blood glucose, requiring Metformin dose adjustment.
Cationic drugs (e.g., cimetidine, ranitidine, amiloride, trimethoprim)
May compete for renal tubular transport, increasing Metformin plasma concentrations.
Storage
Store in a cool and dry place, below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Overdose of Metformin can lead to lactic acidosis, characterized by symptoms like malaise, myalgia, respiratory distress, increasing somnolence, and abdominal distress. Treatment is primarily symptomatic and supportive. Hemodialysis is the most effective means of removing Metformin and lactate from the blood.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy: Limited data suggest no increased risk of major birth defects with Metformin. Insulin is generally preferred for blood glucose control during pregnancy. Consult a doctor. Lactation: Metformin is excreted into breast milk. Monitor infants for hypoglycemia. Weigh benefits of breastfeeding against potential risks.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
24 months
Availability
Pharmacies, hospitals, clinics
Approval Status
Approved by FDA and DGDA
Patent Status
Generic available
WHO Essential Medicine
YesAlternative Medicines in Bangladesh
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine
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