Funzole
Generic Name
Fluconazole
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| funzole 150 mg capsule | ৳ 22.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Fluconazole is an antifungal medication belonging to the triazole class. It is used to treat various fungal infections, including vaginal candidiasis, oral and esophageal candidiasis, and systemic candidiasis. The 150 mg capsule is often prescribed as a single dose for vaginal yeast infections.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Vaginal candidiasis: 150 mg as a single oral dose. Oropharyngeal candidiasis: 50-100 mg once daily for 7-14 days. Esophageal candidiasis: 100-200 mg once daily for 14-30 days. Systemic candidiasis: 400 mg on day 1, then 200-400 mg once daily. Cryptococcal meningitis: 400 mg on day 1, then 200-400 mg once daily for 10-12 weeks after CSF culture is negative.
Elderly
Dosage adjustments are generally not required unless renal function is impaired. If renal impairment is present, dosage should be adjusted as for younger adults.
Renal_impairment
For creatinine clearance < 50 mL/min (not on dialysis), the dose should be reduced by 50%. For patients on regular dialysis, a single dose should be given after each dialysis session.
How to Take
Funzole 150 mg capsules are for oral use. They can be taken with or without food. Swallow the capsule whole with a glass of water.
Mechanism of Action
Fluconazole selectively inhibits fungal cytochrome P450-dependent 14-alpha-demethylase, an enzyme crucial for the biosynthesis of ergosterol. Ergosterol is a vital component of the fungal cell membrane; its depletion leads to increased cell permeability and eventual fungal cell death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Clinical improvement varies with the type and severity of infection, typically observed within 24-48 hours for acute infections.
Excretion
Primarily excreted unchanged in the urine, with approximately 80% of the administered dose recovered in the urine.
Half life
Approximately 30 hours, allowing for once-daily dosing for many indications.
Absorption
Well absorbed orally, with bioavailability exceeding 90%. Absorption is not significantly affected by food. Peak plasma concentrations are typically achieved within 0.5 to 1.5 hours after an oral dose.
Metabolism
Undergoes minimal hepatic metabolism (approximately 11% of the dose).
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to fluconazole, other azole antifungals, or any excipients of the formulation.
- Concomitant administration with terfenadine or cisapride in patients receiving multiple doses of fluconazole (due to risk of serious cardiac arrhythmias).
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
Increased prothrombin time (PT/INR), leading to potential bleeding.
Phenytoin
Increased serum phenytoin concentrations.
Rifampicin
Decreased fluconazole levels, requiring dosage increase.
Hydrochlorothiazide
Increased fluconazole levels.
Oral Contraceptives
Potential for decreased efficacy of oral contraceptives.
Amitriptyline, Nortriptyline
Increased concentrations of tricyclic antidepressants.
Benzodiazepines (e.g., Midazolam)
Increased and prolonged effects of benzodiazepines.
Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus, Sirolimus
Increased plasma concentrations of immunosuppressants.
Sulfonylureas (e.g., Glibenclamide)
Prolonged serum half-life, leading to hypoglycemia.
Statins (e.g., Atorvastatin, Simvastatin)
Increased risk of myopathy or rhabdomyolysis.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of overdose, symptomatic treatment and supportive measures are recommended. Gastric lavage may be considered. Fluconazole is largely excreted in urine; a three-hour hemodialysis session decreases plasma levels by approximately 50%.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Use in pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus, particularly with prolonged or high-dose therapy. Fluconazole is excreted into breast milk; caution is advised when administered to a nursing mother.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to fluconazole, other azole antifungals, or any excipients of the formulation.
- Concomitant administration with terfenadine or cisapride in patients receiving multiple doses of fluconazole (due to risk of serious cardiac arrhythmias).
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
Increased prothrombin time (PT/INR), leading to potential bleeding.
Phenytoin
Increased serum phenytoin concentrations.
Rifampicin
Decreased fluconazole levels, requiring dosage increase.
Hydrochlorothiazide
Increased fluconazole levels.
Oral Contraceptives
Potential for decreased efficacy of oral contraceptives.
Amitriptyline, Nortriptyline
Increased concentrations of tricyclic antidepressants.
Benzodiazepines (e.g., Midazolam)
Increased and prolonged effects of benzodiazepines.
Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus, Sirolimus
Increased plasma concentrations of immunosuppressants.
Sulfonylureas (e.g., Glibenclamide)
Prolonged serum half-life, leading to hypoglycemia.
Statins (e.g., Atorvastatin, Simvastatin)
Increased risk of myopathy or rhabdomyolysis.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of overdose, symptomatic treatment and supportive measures are recommended. Gastric lavage may be considered. Fluconazole is largely excreted in urine; a three-hour hemodialysis session decreases plasma levels by approximately 50%.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Use in pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus, particularly with prolonged or high-dose therapy. Fluconazole is excreted into breast milk; caution is advised when administered to a nursing mother.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years from the date of manufacture. Refer to the product packaging for the exact expiry date.
Availability
Pharmacies nationwide in Bangladesh
Approval Status
Approved by DGDA (Bangladesh)
Patent Status
Off-patent
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Fluconazole has been extensively studied in numerous clinical trials establishing its efficacy and safety for various fungal infections across different patient populations, including immunocompromised individuals.
Lab Monitoring
- Liver function tests (ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin) at baseline and periodically, especially in patients with pre-existing liver conditions or prolonged therapy.
- Renal function tests (creatinine clearance) to guide dosage adjustment, particularly in elderly patients or those with kidney impairment.
- Electrolyte monitoring (e.g., potassium, magnesium) in patients at risk of QT prolongation.
Doctor Notes
- Confirm fungal infection diagnosis before initiating therapy, especially for systemic infections.
- Monitor liver function tests at baseline and periodically, particularly in patients on prolonged therapy or with underlying hepatic disease.
- Be aware of significant drug interactions, especially with warfarin, phenytoin, and drugs prolonging the QT interval. Adjust concomitant drug dosages as needed.
- Educate patients on the importance of completing the full course of therapy and reporting severe adverse effects promptly.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of medication as prescribed, even if your symptoms improve, to prevent recurrence and development of resistance.
- Inform your doctor or pharmacist about all other medicines, herbal supplements, and over-the-counter products you are taking.
- Report any unusual or severe side effects, particularly severe skin rash, yellowing of skin/eyes, dark urine, or persistent nausea/vomiting.
- Avoid alcohol consumption during treatment.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
Funzole may cause dizziness or seizures in some individuals. Patients should be advised to exercise caution when driving or operating machinery until they know how fluconazole affects them.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good personal hygiene, especially in affected areas, to prevent recurrence of fungal infections.
- Wear breathable clothing and ensure good airflow for skin infections.
- Avoid sharing personal items like towels, combs, or clothing to prevent spread of infection.
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