G-Cipro
Generic Name
Ciprofloxacin
Manufacturer
Gaco Pharmaceuticals
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| g cipro 500 mg tablet | ৳ 8.00 | ৳ 48.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic belonging to the fluoroquinolone class. It is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections in various parts of the body.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Typically 500 mg twice daily for most infections. Dosage may vary from 250 mg twice daily to 750 mg twice daily depending on the severity and type of infection. Treatment duration is usually 7-14 days.
Elderly
No specific dose adjustment is required solely based on age; however, renal function should be assessed, and dose adjusted if creatinine clearance is low.
Renal_impairment
For creatinine clearance 30-60 mL/min: 250-500 mg every 12 hours. For creatinine clearance <30 mL/min: 250-500 mg every 18-24 hours. For hemodialysis/peritoneal dialysis: 250-500 mg every 24 hours (after dialysis).
How to Take
Take G-Cipro tablets orally with a glass of water, with or without food. Do not chew, crush, or break the tablet. Avoid taking it with dairy products (milk, yogurt) or calcium-fortified juices alone, as this may reduce absorption. Separate administration from antacids, iron, and zinc supplements by at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after.
Mechanism of Action
Ciprofloxacin works by inhibiting two bacterial enzymes, DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are essential for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. This leads to disruption of bacterial DNA and cell death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Within 0.5-2 hours
Excretion
Primarily renal excretion (40-50% as unchanged drug) through glomerular filtration and tubular secretion; about 15% is eliminated in feces.
Half life
Approximately 3-5 hours in adults with normal renal function.
Absorption
Rapid and well-absorbed orally; bioavailability is approximately 70-80%. Peak plasma concentrations are achieved within 1-2 hours.
Metabolism
Partially metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) pathway to several active metabolites, although the parent drug is primarily responsible for its activity.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin, other fluoroquinolones, or any component of the formulation
- Concomitant administration with tizanidine
- History of tendon disorders or rupture associated with quinolone use
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
May enhance the anticoagulant effects of warfarin, requiring INR monitoring and potential dose adjustment.
Metformin
May increase metformin levels, requiring careful monitoring of blood glucose.
Tizanidine
Concomitant use is contraindicated due to increased risk of hypotension and sedation.
Cyclosporine
Increased serum creatinine and cyclosporine levels. Monitor renal function and cyclosporine levels.
Theophylline
Ciprofloxacin can increase serum concentrations of theophylline, leading to increased risk of toxicity. Monitor theophylline levels.
Corticosteroids
Increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture when used concomitantly.
NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
May increase the risk of CNS stimulation and convulsive seizures.
Antacids (containing aluminum or magnesium), Iron, Zinc, Sucralfate, Didanosine
These agents can chelate ciprofloxacin, reducing its oral absorption. Administer ciprofloxacin at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after these agents.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place, below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include transient renal insufficiency, crystalluria, and reversible renal toxicity. Management involves gastric lavage, administration of activated charcoal to reduce absorption, and supportive care. Maintain adequate hydration to prevent crystalluria. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis remove only a small amount of ciprofloxacin from the body.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Ciprofloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is excreted into human breast milk. Due to potential risks of serious adverse reactions, including cartilage damage, in nursing infants, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin, other fluoroquinolones, or any component of the formulation
- Concomitant administration with tizanidine
- History of tendon disorders or rupture associated with quinolone use
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
May enhance the anticoagulant effects of warfarin, requiring INR monitoring and potential dose adjustment.
Metformin
May increase metformin levels, requiring careful monitoring of blood glucose.
Tizanidine
Concomitant use is contraindicated due to increased risk of hypotension and sedation.
Cyclosporine
Increased serum creatinine and cyclosporine levels. Monitor renal function and cyclosporine levels.
Theophylline
Ciprofloxacin can increase serum concentrations of theophylline, leading to increased risk of toxicity. Monitor theophylline levels.
Corticosteroids
Increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture when used concomitantly.
NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
May increase the risk of CNS stimulation and convulsive seizures.
Antacids (containing aluminum or magnesium), Iron, Zinc, Sucralfate, Didanosine
These agents can chelate ciprofloxacin, reducing its oral absorption. Administer ciprofloxacin at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after these agents.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place, below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include transient renal insufficiency, crystalluria, and reversible renal toxicity. Management involves gastric lavage, administration of activated charcoal to reduce absorption, and supportive care. Maintain adequate hydration to prevent crystalluria. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis remove only a small amount of ciprofloxacin from the body.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Ciprofloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is excreted into human breast milk. Due to potential risks of serious adverse reactions, including cartilage damage, in nursing infants, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
24 months from the date of manufacture.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved
Patent Status
Generic
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Extensive clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin across various bacterial infections, leading to its widespread approval and use in clinical practice.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function tests (e.g., serum creatinine, BUN) in patients with impaired renal function or elderly
- Liver function tests (e.g., ALT, AST) in patients with pre-existing liver disease or during prolonged therapy
- Complete blood count (CBC) if prolonged therapy or signs of blood dyscrasias
- Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring in patients at risk for QT prolongation (e.g., hypokalemia, existing cardiac conditions)
Doctor Notes
- Emphasize the importance of completing the full course of therapy to prevent resistance.
- Advise patients on potential tendon-related adverse effects and symptoms requiring immediate medical attention.
- Counsel patients to avoid concomitant use with tizanidine and separate administration from polyvalent cations (e.g., antacids, iron).
- Monitor for CNS effects, especially in elderly or patients with pre-existing neurological conditions.
Patient Guidelines
- Take the full course of G-Cipro as prescribed by your doctor, even if your symptoms improve, to prevent antibiotic resistance.
- Drink plenty of fluids to ensure good hydration and prevent the formation of crystals in urine.
- Avoid excessive exposure to sunlight or artificial UV light while taking this medication, as it may cause photosensitivity.
- Report any pain, swelling, or inflammation of tendons (especially in the ankle, heel, shoulder, or hand) to your doctor immediately. Rest the affected area.
- Do not take G-Cipro with antacids, iron, zinc, or dairy products; separate intake by several hours.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
Ciprofloxacin may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or visual disturbances. Patients should be advised to know how they react to ciprofloxacin before driving or operating machinery.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good personal hygiene to support recovery and prevent further infections.
- Stay well-hydrated throughout the day.
- Avoid strenuous physical activity or exercises that put strain on tendons if you experience any tendon discomfort.
- Limit alcohol consumption as it may worsen some side effects.
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