Inoxon
Generic Name
Ceftriaxone
Manufacturer
ABC Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
---|---|---|
inoxon 2 gm injection | ৳ 300.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Inoxon 2 gm Injection contains Ceftriaxone, a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Usual adult dose is 1-2 gm once daily (every 24 hours) or in two divided doses (every 12 hours). Maximum daily dose is 4 gm.
Elderly
Similar to adults; dosage adjustment may be needed for severe renal or hepatic impairment.
Renal_impairment
No dosage adjustment required for mild to moderate renal impairment. For severe impairment (creatinine clearance <10 mL/min), dosage should not exceed 2 gm daily. Careful monitoring is advised.
How to Take
Inoxon injection can be administered intramuscularly (IM) or intravenously (IV). For IM administration, dissolve in lidocaine and inject deep into a large muscle. For IV administration, dissolve in water for injection or normal saline and administer as a slow IV injection over 2-4 minutes or as an IV infusion over 30 minutes.
Mechanism of Action
Ceftriaxone inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), leading to bacterial cell lysis and death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Rapid, typically within minutes after intravenous administration.
Excretion
Approximately 50-60% is excreted unchanged in the urine, and 40-50% is excreted via bile into the feces.
Half life
Approximately 6-9 hours in adults, but can be prolonged in neonates and elderly patients.
Absorption
Rapid and complete absorption after intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) administration. Bioavailability is nearly 100%.
Metabolism
Partially metabolized in the liver into inactive compounds; about 33-67% is excreted unchanged.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to ceftriaxone, any other cephalosporin, or to penicillin antibiotics.
- Neonates (≤28 days) with hyperbilirubinemia, especially premature neonates, due to the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy.
- Concomitant use with intravenous calcium-containing solutions in neonates (≤28 days).
Drug Interactions
Aminoglycosides
Synergistic effect against some Gram-negative bacteria, but should be administered separately to avoid chemical incompatibility.
Oral anticoagulants
May increase the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonists (e.g., warfarin), increasing the risk of bleeding. Close monitoring of INR is recommended.
Calcium-containing solutions
Ceftriaxone should not be mixed or co-administered with calcium-containing solutions (e.g., Ringer's solution, Hartmann's solution) in neonates. In other age groups, a time interval should be observed between administrations if calcium and ceftriaxone must be used.
Loop diuretics (e.g., Furosemide)
May increase the nephrotoxic potential of ceftriaxone, especially in patients with pre-existing renal impairment.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, protected from light. Keep out of reach of children. Reconstituted solutions should be used immediately or stored as per manufacturer's guidelines (e.g., stable for 6 hours at room temperature or 24 hours in a refrigerator).
Overdose
In cases of overdose, symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Management is primarily symptomatic and supportive. There is no specific antidote. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is not effective in removing Ceftriaxone from the body.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have shown no evidence of harm to the fetus, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women are lacking. It should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed and the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Ceftriaxone is excreted in breast milk in low concentrations; caution should be exercised when administering to a nursing mother.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to ceftriaxone, any other cephalosporin, or to penicillin antibiotics.
- Neonates (≤28 days) with hyperbilirubinemia, especially premature neonates, due to the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy.
- Concomitant use with intravenous calcium-containing solutions in neonates (≤28 days).
Drug Interactions
Aminoglycosides
Synergistic effect against some Gram-negative bacteria, but should be administered separately to avoid chemical incompatibility.
Oral anticoagulants
May increase the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonists (e.g., warfarin), increasing the risk of bleeding. Close monitoring of INR is recommended.
Calcium-containing solutions
Ceftriaxone should not be mixed or co-administered with calcium-containing solutions (e.g., Ringer's solution, Hartmann's solution) in neonates. In other age groups, a time interval should be observed between administrations if calcium and ceftriaxone must be used.
Loop diuretics (e.g., Furosemide)
May increase the nephrotoxic potential of ceftriaxone, especially in patients with pre-existing renal impairment.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, protected from light. Keep out of reach of children. Reconstituted solutions should be used immediately or stored as per manufacturer's guidelines (e.g., stable for 6 hours at room temperature or 24 hours in a refrigerator).
Overdose
In cases of overdose, symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Management is primarily symptomatic and supportive. There is no specific antidote. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is not effective in removing Ceftriaxone from the body.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have shown no evidence of harm to the fetus, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women are lacking. It should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed and the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Ceftriaxone is excreted in breast milk in low concentrations; caution should be exercised when administering to a nursing mother.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years from the date of manufacture. Refer to the manufacturer's specific instructions on the packaging.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved (Globally)
Patent Status
Expired
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ceftriaxone has undergone extensive clinical trials since its development, demonstrating efficacy in a wide range of bacterial infections. Ongoing research explores its use in emerging resistant strains and new indications.
Lab Monitoring
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) for prolonged treatment
- Liver function tests (AST, ALT) if abnormalities are suspected
- Renal function tests (creatinine, BUN) for patients with pre-existing renal impairment or during prolonged therapy
- Coagulation parameters (PT/INR) if co-administered with anticoagulants or in patients with bleeding risk
Doctor Notes
- Always inquire about patient's history of allergies, especially to penicillins and other beta-lactam antibiotics, before administering.
- Administer IV injections slowly over 2-4 minutes and IV infusions over 30 minutes to minimize the risk of adverse reactions.
- Careful monitoring for signs of superinfection or C. difficile-associated diarrhea is essential during and after treatment.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full prescribed course of treatment, even if symptoms improve, to prevent recurrence and development of antibiotic resistance.
- Report any severe or persistent side effects, especially severe diarrhea, to your doctor immediately.
- Inform your doctor about all other medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
Ceftriaxone may cause dizziness in some patients. Patients should be advised to exercise caution when driving or operating machinery until they know how the medicine affects them.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain adequate hydration by drinking plenty of fluids during the course of treatment.
- Avoid alcohol if you experience gastrointestinal upset from the medication.
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