Konakion
Generic Name
Phytomenadione (Vitamin K1)
Manufacturer
Roche
Country
Switzerland (original developer), various globally
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| konakion 2 mg injection | ৳ 98.00 | N/A |
| konakion 10 mg injection | ৳ 102.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Konakion (Phytomenadione) is a synthetic vitamin K1 used to treat and prevent bleeding problems in people who have too little vitamin K. It is essential for the production of blood clotting factors.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
For anticoagulant reversal: 2.5 mg to 10 mg orally or by slow IV infusion, adjusted based on INR. For severe bleeding: up to 25 mg IV.
Elderly
Lower doses may be sufficient; use with caution due to increased sensitivity.
Renal_impairment
No specific dose adjustment is generally needed.
How to Take
Can be given orally, by slow intravenous (IV) injection, intramuscular (IM) injection, or subcutaneous (SC) injection. IV administration should be very slow to minimize risk of adverse reactions.
Mechanism of Action
Phytomenadione acts as an essential cofactor for the gamma-carboxylation of specific glutamic acid residues in vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X) and anticoagulant proteins (Protein C and S). This carboxylation is necessary for their biological activity.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Intravenous (IV): 1-2 hours; Oral/Intramuscular: 6-12 hours for a significant effect on clotting factors.
Excretion
Excreted mainly in the urine and bile as glucuronide conjugates.
Half life
Approximately 1.5-3 hours.
Absorption
Rapidly absorbed after intramuscular (IM) or subcutaneous (SC) injection. Oral absorption can be variable, requiring bile salts for optimal uptake.
Metabolism
Rapidly metabolized in the liver to more polar metabolites, primarily by reduction, hydroxylation, and glucuronide conjugation.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to phytomenadione or any component of the formulation.
- Severe liver disease (where vitamin K is ineffective).
Drug Interactions
Warfarin and other coumarin anticoagulants
Phytomenadione directly antagonizes the effects of coumarin anticoagulants, leading to a reduction in their anticoagulant effect.
Certain antibiotics (e.g., cephalosporins with methylthiotetrazole side chains)
Can potentiate vitamin K deficiency and bleeding risk.
Storage
Store below 25°C. Protect from light. Do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Overdose is rare due to rapid metabolism and excretion. No specific antidote is available. Management is supportive, monitoring for adverse reactions (especially in neonates, where high doses may cause hyperbilirubinemia).
Pregnancy & Lactation
Generally considered safe during pregnancy and lactation when medically indicated. Vitamin K does not readily cross the placenta.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to phytomenadione or any component of the formulation.
- Severe liver disease (where vitamin K is ineffective).
Drug Interactions
Warfarin and other coumarin anticoagulants
Phytomenadione directly antagonizes the effects of coumarin anticoagulants, leading to a reduction in their anticoagulant effect.
Certain antibiotics (e.g., cephalosporins with methylthiotetrazole side chains)
Can potentiate vitamin K deficiency and bleeding risk.
Storage
Store below 25°C. Protect from light. Do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Overdose is rare due to rapid metabolism and excretion. No specific antidote is available. Management is supportive, monitoring for adverse reactions (especially in neonates, where high doses may cause hyperbilirubinemia).
Pregnancy & Lactation
Generally considered safe during pregnancy and lactation when medically indicated. Vitamin K does not readily cross the placenta.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years, as indicated on the packaging.
Availability
Hospitals, Pharmacies
Approval Status
Globally approved and widely used
Patent Status
Off-patent
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ongoing research explores new applications and optimal dosing strategies, especially in critical care and for specific patient populations. Clinical trials have established its efficacy for its approved indications.
Lab Monitoring
- Prothrombin Time (PT) / International Normalized Ratio (INR) to monitor coagulation status and response to therapy.
Doctor Notes
- Always consider the route of administration; IV carries a higher risk of anaphylaxis. Administer IV slowly (over at least 30 seconds).
- For warfarin reversal, monitor INR closely and ensure adequate follow-up.
- Be aware of the potential for temporary warfarin resistance after high doses of Vitamin K1.
Patient Guidelines
- Inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking, especially blood thinners.
- Report any unusual bleeding or bruising immediately.
- Follow dosage instructions carefully and do not self-administer.
Missed Dose Advice
For acute conditions, a missed dose is not applicable as it's typically given as a single or short course. For long-term prophylaxis (rare), consult a doctor for advice.
Driving Precautions
Konakion usually does not affect the ability to drive or operate machinery. However, dizziness has been reported as a rare side effect, so caution is advised until you know how you react.
Lifestyle Advice
- If you are on warfarin, maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods to avoid fluctuations in INR.
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