Mydri-Atropine
Generic Name
Atropine Sulfate Ophthalmic Solution
Manufacturer
Various (e.g., Bausch + Lomb, Alcon, Square Pharmaceuticals)
Country
Global
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| mydri atropine 1 eye drop | ৳ 30.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Atropine sulfate ophthalmic solution is a muscarinic antagonist used to produce mydriasis (pupil dilation) and cycloplegia (paralysis of accommodation). It is commonly used in ophthalmology for diagnostic purposes and in the treatment of certain eye conditions like uveitis and amblyopia.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
For refraction: 1 drop of 1% solution twice daily for 1-3 days before examination. For uveitis: 1 drop of 1% solution 1-2 times daily or as directed by physician.
Elderly
Use with caution due to increased risk of systemic side effects and angle-closure glaucoma. Lower concentrations may be preferred.
Renal_impairment
No specific dosage adjustments needed for ophthalmic use, but monitor for systemic effects if absorption is significant.
How to Take
For ophthalmic use only. Instill the prescribed number of drops into the conjunctival sac. After instillation, apply nasolacrimal occlusion (press on the inner corner of the eye) for 1-2 minutes to minimize systemic absorption. Wash hands before and after use.
Mechanism of Action
Atropine is a non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist. In the eye, it blocks the action of acetylcholine at M3 muscarinic receptors on the iris sphincter muscle (leading to mydriasis) and ciliary muscle (leading to cycloplegia), thus relaxing these muscles.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Mydriasis: 30-40 minutes; Cycloplegia: 1-3 hours.
Excretion
Primarily excreted unchanged in urine.
Half life
Not well-defined for ophthalmic use; systemic half-life is around 2-4 hours. Ocular effects last much longer due to local tissue binding.
Absorption
Well absorbed systemically from the conjunctival sac, potentially leading to systemic anticholinergic effects.
Metabolism
Partially metabolized in the liver, primarily by hydrolysis.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Primary glaucoma (especially angle-closure glaucoma or predisposition to it)
- Hypersensitivity to atropine or any component of the formulation
- Patients with paralytic ileus (risk of exacerbation)
- Children with Down syndrome (increased sensitivity)
Drug Interactions
Other anticholinergic drugs
Increased systemic anticholinergic effects.
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
Enhanced anticholinergic effects.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
Can prolong and intensify the anticholinergic effects of atropine.
Storage
Store at room temperature (15-30°C), protect from light. Do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Systemic overdose can lead to severe anticholinergic symptoms like fever, tachycardia, flushing, urinary retention, delirium, and coma. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive; physostigmine may be used as an antidote in severe cases.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Use only if clearly needed. Small amounts may be excreted in breast milk; use with caution in breastfeeding mothers.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Primary glaucoma (especially angle-closure glaucoma or predisposition to it)
- Hypersensitivity to atropine or any component of the formulation
- Patients with paralytic ileus (risk of exacerbation)
- Children with Down syndrome (increased sensitivity)
Drug Interactions
Other anticholinergic drugs
Increased systemic anticholinergic effects.
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
Enhanced anticholinergic effects.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
Can prolong and intensify the anticholinergic effects of atropine.
Storage
Store at room temperature (15-30°C), protect from light. Do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Systemic overdose can lead to severe anticholinergic symptoms like fever, tachycardia, flushing, urinary retention, delirium, and coma. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive; physostigmine may be used as an antidote in severe cases.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Use only if clearly needed. Small amounts may be excreted in breast milk; use with caution in breastfeeding mothers.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years (unopened); 4 weeks after opening.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals, Eye clinics
Approval Status
Approved (Globally available for decades)
Patent Status
Off-patent
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Atropine's efficacy and safety have been established through extensive historical use and numerous clinical studies, particularly for its role in ophthalmology and amblyopia management. Recent studies focus on low-dose atropine for myopia progression control.
Lab Monitoring
- No specific lab monitoring required for ophthalmic use. Monitor for systemic side effects, especially in children and elderly.
Doctor Notes
- Educate patients on proper instillation technique and nasolacrimal occlusion.
- Warn about blurred vision and photophobia, especially for driving/operating machinery.
- Check for history of glaucoma or narrow angles before prescribing.
- Monitor pediatric patients for systemic side effects.
Patient Guidelines
- Do not drive or operate machinery while pupils are dilated and vision is blurred.
- Wear sunglasses to protect eyes from light sensitivity (photophobia).
- Avoid touching the dropper tip to any surface to prevent contamination.
- Inform your doctor about all other medications you are using, especially other eye drops.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, apply it as soon as remembered, unless it is almost time for the next dose. Do not double the dose.
Driving Precautions
May cause blurred vision and photophobia, making driving and operating machinery unsafe. Avoid these activities until vision returns to normal.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good eye hygiene.
- Avoid prolonged exposure to bright sunlight while pupils are dilated.
- Follow up with your eye doctor as advised.
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