Administer subcutaneously in the abdominal wall, thigh, upper arm, or buttock. Rotate injection sites. Do not administer intravenously. Gently roll or invert the vial/pen before each use to mix the suspension.

NPH insulin lowers blood glucose by stimulating peripheral glucose uptake, especially by skeletal muscle and fat, and by inhibiting hepatic glucose production. Insulin also inhibits lipolysis and proteolysis, and enhances protein synthesis. The protamine prolongs its action.

• •Hypoglycemia
• •Hypersensitivity to NPH insulin or any of its excipients

Store unopened vials/pens in a refrigerator (2°C-8°C). Do not freeze. Protect from light. Once opened, store at room temperature (below 30°C) for up to 28 days, away from direct heat and light.

Overdose can lead to severe hypoglycemia. Management includes oral glucose for mild cases and intravenous glucose or glucagon for severe cases.

Insulin is the preferred treatment for diabetes in pregnancy. NPH insulin is generally considered safe. Monitor blood glucose closely. Safe during lactation, as insulin does not pass into breast milk in significant amounts.