Octreotide
Generic Name
octreotide-100-mcg-injection
Manufacturer
Various
Country
Global
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| octreotide 100 mcg injection | ৳ 1,012.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Octreotide is a synthetic analogue of somatostatin, a naturally occurring hormone. It is used to treat conditions such as acromegaly, symptoms associated with neuroendocrine tumors (e.g., carcinoid syndrome, VIPomas), and acute bleeding from esophageal varices.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Acromegaly: Initially 50-100 mcg SC, 3 times daily. Adjust based on IGF-1 levels and symptom control. Neuroendocrine Tumors: Initially 50 mcg SC, 1-2 times daily. Gradually increase to 100-600 mcg/day in 2-4 divided doses. Esophageal Varices: 25-50 mcg/hour by continuous IV infusion for 2-5 days.
Elderly
No specific dose adjustment is generally required, but consider renal function. Start at the lower end of the dosing range.
Renal_impairment
For severe renal impairment (CrCl <30 mL/min), dose reduction may be considered, starting with lower doses and titrating carefully.
How to Take
Administer by subcutaneous (SC) injection or intravenous (IV) infusion. SC injections should be given in the upper arms, thighs, or abdomen, rotating injection sites. IV infusion requires dilution and administration by a healthcare professional.
Mechanism of Action
Octreotide mimics the actions of natural somatostatin. It inhibits the secretion of various hormones, including growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), glucagon, insulin, and gastrointestinal peptides. This leads to reduction of symptoms in acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumors, and reduces splanchnic blood flow in esophageal varices.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Within 30 minutes for SC injection.
Excretion
Approximately 30-32% of a dose is excreted unchanged in the urine; the remainder is eliminated via biliary excretion.
Half life
Approximately 1.7 to 1.9 hours after subcutaneous administration.
Absorption
Rapidly and completely absorbed after subcutaneous (SC) injection. Bioavailability is approximately 100%.
Metabolism
Limited hepatic metabolism.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to octreotide or any of the excipients.
Drug Interactions
Cyclosporine
May decrease absorption of cyclosporine, requiring dose adjustment.
Bromocriptine
May increase bioavailability of bromocriptine.
Insulin/Oral Hypoglycemics
May alter glucose regulation, requiring dose adjustment of antidiabetic agents.
Drugs metabolized by CYP450
May alter metabolism of drugs like quinidine, terfenadine, or calcium channel blockers.
Storage
Store in a refrigerator (2°C to 8°C). Protect from light. Do not freeze. Ampules can be stored at room temperature (below 25°C) for up to 14 days prior to use.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, flushing, lightheadedness. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Use in pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is unknown if octreotide is excreted in human milk, so caution should be exercised; consider discontinuing nursing or the drug.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to octreotide or any of the excipients.
Drug Interactions
Cyclosporine
May decrease absorption of cyclosporine, requiring dose adjustment.
Bromocriptine
May increase bioavailability of bromocriptine.
Insulin/Oral Hypoglycemics
May alter glucose regulation, requiring dose adjustment of antidiabetic agents.
Drugs metabolized by CYP450
May alter metabolism of drugs like quinidine, terfenadine, or calcium channel blockers.
Storage
Store in a refrigerator (2°C to 8°C). Protect from light. Do not freeze. Ampules can be stored at room temperature (below 25°C) for up to 14 days prior to use.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, flushing, lightheadedness. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Use in pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is unknown if octreotide is excreted in human milk, so caution should be exercised; consider discontinuing nursing or the drug.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Refer to the manufacturer's package insert, typically 2-3 years when stored correctly.
Availability
Pharmacies, hospitals
Approval Status
FDA approved
Patent Status
Generic available
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Octreotide has been extensively studied in numerous clinical trials for its approved indications and continues to be investigated for other potential uses, particularly in oncology and gastroenterology.
Lab Monitoring
- Blood glucose levels (especially in diabetic patients)
- Thyroid function tests (TSH, T3, T4)
- Gallbladder ultrasound (for long-term therapy, to monitor for gallstones)
- Vitamin B12 levels (for long-term therapy)
- Growth hormone and IGF-1 levels (for acromegaly)
- Tumor markers (for neuroendocrine tumors)
Doctor Notes
- Patients on long-term octreotide therapy should be monitored for gallstones, blood glucose levels, and thyroid function.
- Careful dose titration is essential, especially when initiating treatment or adjusting for adverse effects.
- Educate patients on proper subcutaneous injection technique and site rotation.
Patient Guidelines
- Rotate subcutaneous injection sites to prevent local reactions.
- Monitor blood glucose regularly if you have diabetes or are at risk.
- Report any severe abdominal pain, persistent diarrhea, or signs of jaundice.
- Long-term use may require monitoring for gallstones and vitamin deficiencies.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, administer it as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for the next scheduled dose. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
Octreotide may cause dizziness, especially at the start of treatment or with dose changes. Patients should be cautious when driving or operating machinery until they know how the medication affects them.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain a balanced diet. If experiencing steatorrhea, dietary fat restriction might be beneficial. Regular exercise is recommended.
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