Octreotide
Generic Name
Octreotide 50 mcg Injection
Manufacturer
Various Pharmaceutical Companies
Country
Global
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| octreotide 50 mcg injection | ৳ 560.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Octreotide is a synthetic long-acting octapeptide with pharmacological actions similar to the natural hormone somatostatin. It is used to treat conditions caused by overproduction of certain hormones, such as acromegaly, and to manage symptoms associated with neuroendocrine tumors (e.g., carcinoid syndrome, VIPomas).
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
For Carcinoid/VIPomas: Initially 50 mcg subcutaneously (SC) once or twice daily, titrate based on response and tolerability, typically ranging from 50 to 500 mcg SC two to three times daily. For Acromegaly: Initially 50 mcg SC three times daily, titrate based on GH/IGF-1 levels, up to 100-500 mcg three times daily. For variceal bleeding: 50 mcg/hour continuous IV infusion for 2-5 days.
Elderly
No specific dosage adjustment is generally required, but close monitoring for adverse effects and individual response is recommended due to potential age-related organ function decline.
Renal_impairment
Dosage adjustment is typically not required for octreotide SC in renal impairment. However, in severe renal failure or for continuous IV infusions, careful monitoring and potential dose reduction may be considered.
How to Take
For subcutaneous (SC) administration: Administer in the upper arms, thighs, or abdomen. Rotate injection sites. For intravenous (IV) administration: Can be administered as a bolus or continuous infusion, typically diluted in saline. Must be administered by a healthcare professional.
Mechanism of Action
Octreotide mimics natural somatostatin, primarily by binding to somatostatin receptors (SSTRs), particularly SSTR2 and SSTR5. This binding inhibits the secretion of growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, insulin, glucagon, gastrin, secretin, motilin, pancreatic polypeptide, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). It also reduces splanchnic blood flow and inhibits the release of various gastrointestinal hormones.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Rapid onset of action, typically within 30 minutes for hormonal suppression.
Excretion
Mainly via urine (approximately 32% as unchanged drug), with a small amount excreted via feces.
Half life
Approximately 1.5 to 2 hours after subcutaneous injection. Extended-release formulations have a much longer half-life.
Absorption
Rapid and complete absorption following subcutaneous administration. Peak plasma concentrations are reached within 0.4 to 1 hour.
Metabolism
Limited metabolism, primarily hepatic. Mainly involves deamination and depeptidation.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to octreotide or any component of the formulation
Drug Interactions
Cyclosporine
Octreotide may decrease the absorption and blood levels of cyclosporine, requiring dose adjustment of cyclosporine.
Bromocriptine
Octreotide may increase the bioavailability of bromocriptine.
QT-prolonging drugs
Use with caution due to potential to prolong the QT interval.
Insulin/Oral Hypoglycemics
Octreotide can inhibit the secretion of insulin and glucagon, potentially leading to hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Monitor blood glucose and adjust antidiabetic medication doses.
Storage
Store unopened vials/ampoules in the refrigerator (2°C to 8°C or 36°F to 46°F). Protect from light. May be stored at room temperature (below 30°C or 86°F) for up to 14 days prior to use.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose include transient bradycardia, flushing, abdominal pain, diarrhea, steatorrhea, and possibly headache. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have shown no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus. However, there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use only if clearly needed. It is not known whether octreotide is excreted in human milk; caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing woman.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to octreotide or any component of the formulation
Drug Interactions
Cyclosporine
Octreotide may decrease the absorption and blood levels of cyclosporine, requiring dose adjustment of cyclosporine.
Bromocriptine
Octreotide may increase the bioavailability of bromocriptine.
QT-prolonging drugs
Use with caution due to potential to prolong the QT interval.
Insulin/Oral Hypoglycemics
Octreotide can inhibit the secretion of insulin and glucagon, potentially leading to hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Monitor blood glucose and adjust antidiabetic medication doses.
Storage
Store unopened vials/ampoules in the refrigerator (2°C to 8°C or 36°F to 46°F). Protect from light. May be stored at room temperature (below 30°C or 86°F) for up to 14 days prior to use.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose include transient bradycardia, flushing, abdominal pain, diarrhea, steatorrhea, and possibly headache. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have shown no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus. However, there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use only if clearly needed. It is not known whether octreotide is excreted in human milk; caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing woman.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years when stored unopened and properly. Refer to the manufacturer's specific product labeling.
Availability
Hospitals, pharmacies, specialized clinics worldwide
Approval Status
Approved by major regulatory bodies (e.g., FDA, EMA, DGDA)
Patent Status
Off-patent, available as generics
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Octreotide has been extensively studied in numerous clinical trials supporting its efficacy and safety for acromegaly, neuroendocrine tumors, and other indications. Ongoing research explores new applications and formulations.
Lab Monitoring
- Blood glucose levels (regularly)
- GH and IGF-1 levels (for acromegaly)
- Thyroid function tests (TSH, free T4)
- Vitamin B12 levels (long-term use)
- Gallbladder ultrasound (periodically for gallstones)
- Liver function tests
Doctor Notes
- Monitor patient's GH/IGF-1 levels, blood glucose, thyroid function, and Vitamin B12 periodically.
- Educate patients on proper injection technique and potential side effects, especially GI symptoms and gallstone risk.
- For acromegaly, assess symptom control and tumor size reduction.
- For NETs, evaluate symptom relief and tumor growth control.
Patient Guidelines
- Follow your doctor's instructions carefully regarding dosage and administration.
- Learn proper subcutaneous injection technique if self-administering.
- Rotate injection sites to prevent irritation.
- Report any severe or persistent side effects to your doctor.
- Monitor blood sugar levels as advised by your healthcare provider.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, administer it as soon as remembered, unless it is almost time for the next scheduled dose. Do not double the dose to catch up. Contact your doctor or pharmacist if you are unsure.
Driving Precautions
Octreotide may cause dizziness or visual disturbances. Patients should be cautioned about driving or operating machinery if they experience these effects.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain a balanced diet, potentially with smaller, more frequent meals to manage GI side effects.
- Stay hydrated.
- Regular exercise as tolerated.
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