Polycef
Generic Name
Cefazolin Sodium
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
---|---|---|
polycef 500 mg injection | ৳ 65.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Cefazolin is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Typical adult dosage is 500 mg to 1 g every 6-8 hours, depending on the severity and type of infection. For surgical prophylaxis, 1 g 30-60 minutes before surgery, followed by additional doses if needed.
Elderly
Similar to adult dosage, but dose reduction may be necessary in patients with severe renal impairment.
Renal_impairment
Dose adjustment is required based on creatinine clearance. For example, 250-500 mg every 12 hours for creatinine clearance of 35-54 mL/min, and further reduction for lower clearances.
How to Take
Administered via slow intravenous (IV) injection, intermittent or continuous IV infusion, or deep intramuscular (IM) injection. Reconstitute powder with sterile water for injection, 0.9% sodium chloride injection, or other compatible diluents as per instructions.
Mechanism of Action
Cefazolin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). This leads to osmotic instability and bacterial cell lysis, resulting in bactericidal activity.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Rapid (within minutes for IV, 1-2 hours for IM).
Excretion
Primarily excreted unchanged in the urine by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion.
Half life
Approximately 1.8-2 hours, prolonged in renal impairment.
Absorption
Rapidly absorbed after intramuscular (IM) administration. Peak plasma concentrations are achieved within 1-2 hours for IM and rapidly after intravenous (IV) administration.
Metabolism
Minimally metabolized; primarily excreted unchanged.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to Cefazolin or any other cephalosporin antibiotics.
- History of severe hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylaxis, severe skin reactions) to penicillins or other beta-lactam antibiotics.
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Concomitant administration of probenecid decreases the renal tubular secretion of Cefazolin, leading to increased and prolonged plasma concentrations.
Loop Diuretics
May increase serum levels of Cefazolin.
Aminoglycosides
Concurrent use may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity, especially in patients with pre-existing renal impairment.
Oral Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)
May potentiate the anticoagulant effects, requiring careful monitoring of INR.
Storage
Store intact vials below 30°C (86°F) in a dry place, protected from light. Keep out of reach of children. Reconstituted solutions have specific storage requirements as mentioned in the FAQ.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, diarrhea, and convulsions, particularly in patients with renal impairment. Management is primarily supportive; hemodialysis may be useful in removing the drug from the blood.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have not shown harm to the fetus, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women are lacking. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefazolin is excreted in small amounts in breast milk; caution is advised when administering to a nursing mother.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to Cefazolin or any other cephalosporin antibiotics.
- History of severe hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylaxis, severe skin reactions) to penicillins or other beta-lactam antibiotics.
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Concomitant administration of probenecid decreases the renal tubular secretion of Cefazolin, leading to increased and prolonged plasma concentrations.
Loop Diuretics
May increase serum levels of Cefazolin.
Aminoglycosides
Concurrent use may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity, especially in patients with pre-existing renal impairment.
Oral Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)
May potentiate the anticoagulant effects, requiring careful monitoring of INR.
Storage
Store intact vials below 30°C (86°F) in a dry place, protected from light. Keep out of reach of children. Reconstituted solutions have specific storage requirements as mentioned in the FAQ.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, diarrhea, and convulsions, particularly in patients with renal impairment. Management is primarily supportive; hemodialysis may be useful in removing the drug from the blood.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have not shown harm to the fetus, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women are lacking. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Cefazolin is excreted in small amounts in breast milk; caution is advised when administering to a nursing mother.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Usually 2-3 years from the manufacturing date when stored under recommended conditions. Refer to the specific product packaging for exact shelf life.
Availability
Hospitals, Clinics, Pharmacies
Approval Status
Approved
Patent Status
Generic available
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Cefazolin has been extensively studied since its introduction in the 1970s. Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy and safety for various bacterial infections and surgical prophylaxis, establishing it as a cornerstone antibiotic.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function tests (blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine) especially during prolonged therapy or in patients with renal impairment.
- Complete blood count (CBC) to monitor for hematologic abnormalities.
- Liver function tests (LFTs) if abnormalities are suspected or with prolonged use.
Doctor Notes
- Prior to therapy, inquire about previous hypersensitivity reactions to cephalosporins, penicillins, or other drugs.
- Adjust dosage in patients with impaired renal function to avoid accumulation and potential toxicity.
- Cefazolin is a good choice for surgical prophylaxis due to its excellent activity against common surgical pathogens and favorable pharmacokinetic profile.
- Monitor for signs of superinfection and CDAD, especially with prolonged treatment.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of treatment as prescribed by your doctor, even if symptoms improve or disappear, to prevent the development of drug-resistant bacteria.
- Report any signs of severe allergic reaction (e.g., rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, trouble breathing) immediately to your healthcare provider.
- Inform your doctor about all other medications, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements, you are currently taking.
Missed Dose Advice
Administer the missed dose as soon as remembered. If it is almost time for the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
Cefazolin may cause dizziness or lightheadedness in some individuals. Patients should exercise caution when driving or operating machinery until they know how the medication affects them.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hydration by drinking plenty of fluids, especially if experiencing diarrhea.
- Avoid alcohol during treatment, particularly if experiencing side effects like nausea or vomiting, as it may worsen these symptoms.
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