Presart-HZ
Generic Name
Valsartan 40 mg and Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg Tablet
Manufacturer
Example Pharma Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| presart hz 40 mg tablet | ৳ 12.00 | ৳ 120.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Presart-HZ 40 mg Tablet is a combination medicine used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It contains Valsartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), and Hydrochlorothiazide, a diuretic, which work together to lower blood pressure effectively.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Initially one Presart-HZ 40 mg Tablet once daily. Dosage may be increased after 2-4 weeks to a maximum of Valsartan 320 mg / Hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg if needed, depending on blood pressure response.
Elderly
No specific dose adjustment required, but start with the lowest effective dose.
Renal_impairment
Not recommended for patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min).
How to Take
Take orally once daily, with or without food, at approximately the same time each day.
Mechanism of Action
Valsartan blocks the binding of angiotensin II to AT1 receptors in vascular smooth muscle and adrenal glands, leading to vasodilation and decreased aldosterone secretion. Hydrochlorothiazide inhibits sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubules, increasing excretion of sodium, water, and chloride, thus reducing blood volume and blood pressure.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Antihypertensive effect typically seen within 2 hours, maximum effect within 2-4 weeks with regular use.
Excretion
Valsartan is primarily excreted in feces (83%) and urine (13%). Hydrochlorothiazide is primarily excreted unchanged in urine (60-80%).
Half life
Valsartan: ~6 hours; Hydrochlorothiazide: 6-15 hours.
Absorption
Valsartan is absorbed rapidly after oral administration with an absolute bioavailability of about 23%. Hydrochlorothiazide is absorbed rapidly, with a bioavailability of 60-80%.
Metabolism
Valsartan is minimally metabolized (approx. 20%), primarily via CYP450 enzymes. Hydrochlorothiazide is not metabolized.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to Valsartan, Hydrochlorothiazide, or sulfonamide-derived drugs.
- Anuria.
- Severe hepatic impairment.
- Severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min).
- Pregnancy (second and third trimesters).
- Concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes or renal impairment.
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
May reduce the diuretic and antihypertensive effects; may worsen renal function in susceptible patients.
Lithium
Increased serum lithium concentrations and toxicity.
Corticosteroids, ACTH
May intensify electrolyte depletion, particularly hypokalemia (hydrochlorothiazide component).
Other Antihypertensives
Additive hypotensive effects.
Potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium supplements
May increase serum potassium (valsartan component).
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose include hypotension, dizziness, and tachycardia due to valsartan, and hypokalemia, hypochloremia, hyponatremia, and dehydration due to hydrochlorothiazide. Management is symptomatic and supportive, including intravenous fluids and electrolyte correction.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Valsartan/HCTZ is contraindicated in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy due to fetal toxicity. Use in the first trimester is not recommended. It is not known whether valsartan is excreted in human milk, but hydrochlorothiazide is. Exercise caution when administered to a nursing mother.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to Valsartan, Hydrochlorothiazide, or sulfonamide-derived drugs.
- Anuria.
- Severe hepatic impairment.
- Severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min).
- Pregnancy (second and third trimesters).
- Concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes or renal impairment.
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
May reduce the diuretic and antihypertensive effects; may worsen renal function in susceptible patients.
Lithium
Increased serum lithium concentrations and toxicity.
Corticosteroids, ACTH
May intensify electrolyte depletion, particularly hypokalemia (hydrochlorothiazide component).
Other Antihypertensives
Additive hypotensive effects.
Potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium supplements
May increase serum potassium (valsartan component).
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose include hypotension, dizziness, and tachycardia due to valsartan, and hypokalemia, hypochloremia, hyponatremia, and dehydration due to hydrochlorothiazide. Management is symptomatic and supportive, including intravenous fluids and electrolyte correction.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Valsartan/HCTZ is contraindicated in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy due to fetal toxicity. Use in the first trimester is not recommended. It is not known whether valsartan is excreted in human milk, but hydrochlorothiazide is. Exercise caution when administered to a nursing mother.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years from manufacturing date
Availability
Pharmacies, hospitals
Approval Status
Approved by major regulatory bodies (e.g., FDA, DGDA)
Patent Status
Generically available
Clinical Trials
Extensive clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide combinations in reducing blood pressure and cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients.
Lab Monitoring
- Serum electrolytes (especially potassium and sodium)
- Renal function (BUN, creatinine)
- Liver function tests
- Blood pressure monitoring
Doctor Notes
- Monitor blood pressure and renal function before and periodically during treatment.
- Advise patients on lifestyle modifications.
- Caution with patients prone to electrolyte disturbances or with history of angioedema.
Patient Guidelines
- Take the medicine regularly as prescribed, even if you feel well.
- Do not stop taking the medicine without consulting your doctor.
- Inform your doctor about all other medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking.
- Report any signs of swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat immediately to your doctor.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not take two doses at once.
Driving Precautions
This medicine may cause dizziness or lightheadedness, especially at the start of treatment. Avoid driving or operating machinery until you know how it affects you.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain a healthy diet, low in salt.
- Engage in regular physical activity.
- Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
- Monitor your blood pressure regularly at home.
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.
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