Pyralgin
Generic Name
Metamizole Sodium
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| pyralgin 500 mg tablet | ৳ 1.20 | ৳ 12.00 |
| pyralgin 120 mg suspension | ৳ 35.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Pyralgin (Metamizole Sodium) is a non-opioid analgesic, antipyretic, and antispasmodic drug belonging to the pyrazolone group. It is used for severe pain, fever unresponsive to other treatments, and spasms.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
500-1000 mg, 3-4 times daily. Maximum 4g/day.
Elderly
Lower doses may be required, close monitoring for adverse effects.
Renal_impairment
Reduced dosage or extended intervals may be necessary due to renal excretion of metabolites.
How to Take
Oral tablets should be taken with water, preferably after food to minimize gastrointestinal upset. Injections are administered intravenously or intramuscularly by a healthcare professional.
Mechanism of Action
Metamizole inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by acting on cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, primarily COX-3 in the CNS, and has additional effects on opioid receptors and nitric oxide pathways, contributing to its analgesic and antipyretic properties. Its antispasmodic action is less understood but involves direct smooth muscle relaxation.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
30-60 minutes
Excretion
Mainly excreted by the kidneys (90% via urine) as metabolites. About 10% excreted in feces.
Half life
The active metabolite (4-methylaminoantipyrine) has a half-life of 2.7-3.7 hours.
Absorption
Rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism.
Metabolism
Extensively metabolized in the liver to active (4-MAA, 4-AA) and inactive metabolites. Primarily hepatic metabolism.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to Metamizole or other pyrazolone derivatives
- Bone marrow suppression or blood disorders (e.g., agranulocytosis history)
- Severe hepatic or renal impairment
- Pregnancy (especially 1st and 3rd trimester) and lactation
- Porphyria, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
Drug Interactions
Cyclosporine
Reduced cyclosporine levels
Methotrexate
Increased methotrexate toxicity
Chlorpromazine
Severe hypothermia
Anticoagulants (warfarin)
May enhance anticoagulant effect
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place, below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, renal impairment, CNS depression (drowsiness, coma), convulsions, hypothermia, shock, agranulocytosis. Management involves symptomatic and supportive care, gastric lavage or activated charcoal, maintaining vital functions.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Contraindicated during the 1st and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy due to potential fetal harm (e.g., premature closure of ductus arteriosus). Avoid during lactation as it passes into breast milk.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to Metamizole or other pyrazolone derivatives
- Bone marrow suppression or blood disorders (e.g., agranulocytosis history)
- Severe hepatic or renal impairment
- Pregnancy (especially 1st and 3rd trimester) and lactation
- Porphyria, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
Drug Interactions
Cyclosporine
Reduced cyclosporine levels
Methotrexate
Increased methotrexate toxicity
Chlorpromazine
Severe hypothermia
Anticoagulants (warfarin)
May enhance anticoagulant effect
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place, below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, renal impairment, CNS depression (drowsiness, coma), convulsions, hypothermia, shock, agranulocytosis. Management involves symptomatic and supportive care, gastric lavage or activated charcoal, maintaining vital functions.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Contraindicated during the 1st and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy due to potential fetal harm (e.g., premature closure of ductus arteriosus). Avoid during lactation as it passes into breast milk.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
3 years from manufacturing date
Availability
Pharmacies, hospitals
Approval Status
DGDA approved
Patent Status
Off-patent
Clinical Trials
Metamizole has been subject to numerous clinical trials focusing on its efficacy in pain management and antipyretic properties, as well as safety profiles, particularly concerning agranulocytosis. Ongoing research explores its mechanisms and therapeutic applications.
Lab Monitoring
- Complete blood count (CBC) regularly, especially if long-term use or if symptoms of blood dyscrasias occur.
- Renal and hepatic function tests periodically.
Doctor Notes
- Consider Metamizole for severe pain or fever only when other NSAIDs or paracetamol are ineffective or contraindicated, due to the risk of agranulocytosis.
- Educate patients on symptoms of agranulocytosis and instruct them to seek immediate medical attention if they occur.
- Monitor blood counts for prolonged treatment.
Patient Guidelines
- Do not exceed the recommended dose.
- Report any signs of fever, sore throat, or mouth ulcers immediately (potential agranulocytosis).
- Avoid alcohol while taking this medicine.
- Do not stop taking abruptly without consulting your doctor.
Missed Dose Advice
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose.
Driving Precautions
May cause dizziness or drowsiness, especially at higher doses. Avoid driving or operating machinery until you know how it affects you.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain adequate hydration.
- Avoid self-medication for prolonged periods.
- Inform your doctor about all other medications you are taking.
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.
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