Rofecin
Generic Name
Ceftriaxone
Manufacturer
XYZ Pharma Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| rofecin 1 gm injection | ৳ 361.08 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Ceftriaxone is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat various serious bacterial infections. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Usual dose is 1-2 gm once daily (IV or IM). In severe infections or infections caused by moderately susceptible organisms, the total daily dose may be increased to 4 gm once daily.
Elderly
No dosage adjustment is generally needed in elderly patients unless there is severe renal and/or hepatic impairment. Maximum daily dose should not exceed 4 gm.
Renal_impairment
In patients with impaired renal function, dosage adjustment is not necessary if hepatic function is intact. Only in preterminal renal failure (creatinine clearance <10 mL/min) a dose of up to 2 gm daily should not be exceeded.
How to Take
Administered via deep intramuscular (IM) injection or slow intravenous (IV) injection/infusion by a healthcare professional. For IM, reconstitute with lidocaine. For IV, reconstitute with water for injection.
Mechanism of Action
Ceftriaxone inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell lysis and death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Rapid, typically within 1-2 hours for peak plasma concentration.
Excretion
Approximately 50-60% via renal excretion and 40-50% via biliary/fecal route as unchanged drug or metabolites.
Half life
Approximately 6-9 hours in healthy adults, prolonged in neonates.
Absorption
Rapidly and completely absorbed following intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) administration.
Metabolism
Partially metabolized in the liver to inactive metabolites, primarily by non-enzymatic hydrolysis.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ceftriaxone, any other cephalosporin, or any of the excipients.
- History of severe hypersensitivity reaction to any other type of beta-lactam antibacterial agents (e.g., penicillins, monobactams and carbapenems).
- Neonates with hyperbilirubinemia, particularly premature neonates.
- Concomitant use with intravenous calcium-containing solutions in neonates.
Drug Interactions
Aminoglycosides
Increased risk of nephrotoxicity (kidney damage).
Oral contraceptives
May reduce efficacy of oral contraceptives; use alternative birth control.
Calcium-containing solutions
Contraindicated in neonates; risk of precipitation in lungs and kidneys.
Oral anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)
Increased anticoagulant effect, monitor INR/PT.
Storage
Store below 30°C, protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children. Reconstituted solutions should be used immediately or within specified periods if refrigerated.
Overdose
In case of overdose, symptomatic and supportive treatment should be given. Ceftriaxone is not dialyzable by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have not shown harm to the fetus, but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use with caution during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Ceftriaxone is excreted in low concentrations in breast milk; use with caution in nursing mothers.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ceftriaxone, any other cephalosporin, or any of the excipients.
- History of severe hypersensitivity reaction to any other type of beta-lactam antibacterial agents (e.g., penicillins, monobactams and carbapenems).
- Neonates with hyperbilirubinemia, particularly premature neonates.
- Concomitant use with intravenous calcium-containing solutions in neonates.
Drug Interactions
Aminoglycosides
Increased risk of nephrotoxicity (kidney damage).
Oral contraceptives
May reduce efficacy of oral contraceptives; use alternative birth control.
Calcium-containing solutions
Contraindicated in neonates; risk of precipitation in lungs and kidneys.
Oral anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)
Increased anticoagulant effect, monitor INR/PT.
Storage
Store below 30°C, protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children. Reconstituted solutions should be used immediately or within specified periods if refrigerated.
Overdose
In case of overdose, symptomatic and supportive treatment should be given. Ceftriaxone is not dialyzable by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have not shown harm to the fetus, but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use with caution during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Ceftriaxone is excreted in low concentrations in breast milk; use with caution in nursing mothers.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 24 to 36 months from manufacturing date when stored correctly.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved
Patent Status
Expired
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Extensive clinical trials have established the efficacy and safety of Ceftriaxone across a wide range of bacterial infections, leading to its widespread use since its introduction in the early 1980s.
Lab Monitoring
- Complete blood count (CBC) for prolonged therapy
- Renal function tests (e.g., creatinine, BUN)
- Liver function tests (e.g., ALT, AST)
Doctor Notes
- Always inquire about previous hypersensitivity reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics before administration.
- Monitor renal and hepatic function, especially in patients with pre-existing impairment or prolonged therapy.
- Avoid co-administration with IV calcium solutions, particularly in neonates, due to precipitation risk.
- Counsel patients on completing the full course to prevent resistance development.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of antibiotic treatment as prescribed, even if you feel better.
- Inform your doctor about any known allergies, especially to penicillins or other antibiotics.
- Report any severe or persistent diarrhea or allergic reactions (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing) immediately.
- Do not self-administer; it must be given by a healthcare professional.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, contact your doctor or nurse for advice on rescheduling. Do not administer a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
Ceftriaxone may cause dizziness in some patients. Patients should be advised not to drive or operate machinery if they experience dizziness.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hygiene to prevent reinfection.
- Stay well-hydrated during treatment.
- Avoid alcohol consumption during the course of treatment as it may exacerbate side effects.
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