Sevorane
Generic Name
Sevoflurane
Manufacturer
Various (originator: Abbott Laboratories)
Country
Global
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| sevorane 100 v solution for inhalation | ৳ 22,227.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Sevoflurane is a non-flammable, non-explosive, volatile liquid for inhalation that provides general anesthesia. It is commonly used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in adults and pediatric patients.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Induction: 0.5-5% sevoflurane in oxygen/air. Maintenance: 0.5-3% sevoflurane in oxygen/air, adjusted to effect.
Elderly
Lower concentrations may be required due to decreased MAC (Minimum Alveolar Concentration) with age.
Renal_impairment
Use with caution; metabolites include fluoride ions, but clinical significance of transient elevations in inorganic fluoride is generally considered low.
How to Take
Administered by trained anesthesia professionals using a calibrated vaporizer. Inhalation through a face mask or endotracheal tube.
Mechanism of Action
Sevoflurane is a general anesthetic agent. Its precise mechanism of action is not fully understood but is thought to involve multiple targets within the central nervous system. It potentiates GABA-A receptor activity, inhibits NMDA receptors, and modulates other ion channels (e.g., potassium channels), leading to neuronal hyperpolarization, decreased synaptic transmission, and ultimately, loss of consciousness.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Rapid, typically within minutes for induction.
Excretion
Primarily eliminated unchanged via the lungs (respiration); a small percentage is excreted renally as fluoride and glucuronide conjugates.
Half life
Context-sensitive half-time rather than a fixed half-life; elimination is rapid once administration ceases.
Absorption
Rapidly absorbed from the lungs into the bloodstream.
Metabolism
Minimal hepatic metabolism (approx. 3-5%) via cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) to hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and inorganic fluoride. HFIP is conjugated with glucuronic acid.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known sensitivity to sevoflurane or other halogenated agents.
- Known or suspected genetic susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia.
- History of hepatic dysfunction or jaundice following previous sevoflurane or halogenated anesthetic administration.
Drug Interactions
Beta-blockers
May increase risk of bradycardia and hypotension.
Nitrous Oxide
Reduces MAC of sevoflurane.
Neuromuscular Blockers
Potentiates the effect of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers, requiring reduced doses.
Opioids (e.g., Fentanyl)
Further reduces MAC and enhances respiratory depression.
Storage
Store at room temperature (15-30°C or 59-86°F), protected from light. Keep container tightly closed. Do not store in direct sunlight.
Overdose
Symptoms include profound cardiorespiratory depression. Management involves discontinuing sevoflurane, establishing a patent airway, assisting or controlling ventilation with oxygen, and maintaining cardiovascular function with fluids and vasopressors as needed.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing mother. It is used for obstetric anesthesia, but effects on the neonate should be monitored.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known sensitivity to sevoflurane or other halogenated agents.
- Known or suspected genetic susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia.
- History of hepatic dysfunction or jaundice following previous sevoflurane or halogenated anesthetic administration.
Drug Interactions
Beta-blockers
May increase risk of bradycardia and hypotension.
Nitrous Oxide
Reduces MAC of sevoflurane.
Neuromuscular Blockers
Potentiates the effect of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers, requiring reduced doses.
Opioids (e.g., Fentanyl)
Further reduces MAC and enhances respiratory depression.
Storage
Store at room temperature (15-30°C or 59-86°F), protected from light. Keep container tightly closed. Do not store in direct sunlight.
Overdose
Symptoms include profound cardiorespiratory depression. Management involves discontinuing sevoflurane, establishing a patent airway, assisting or controlling ventilation with oxygen, and maintaining cardiovascular function with fluids and vasopressors as needed.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing mother. It is used for obstetric anesthesia, but effects on the neonate should be monitored.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 3-5 years from manufacture when unopened.
Availability
Hospitals, surgical centers
Approval Status
Approved
Patent Status
Off-patent, generic available
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Extensive clinical trials support the efficacy and safety of sevoflurane for general anesthesia in various patient populations and surgical procedures.
Lab Monitoring
- Monitor vital signs (heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, end-tidal CO2).
- Blood glucose (perioperatively).
- Electrolytes (if clinically indicated).
Doctor Notes
- Always confirm malignant hyperthermia susceptibility prior to administration.
- Monitor end-tidal sevoflurane concentration and vital signs closely.
- Ensure adequate hydration and manage postoperative pain effectively.
Patient Guidelines
- Patients should follow all pre-operative and post-operative instructions given by the healthcare team.
- Report any unusual symptoms post-surgery to your doctor.
- Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery for at least 24 hours after anesthesia.
Missed Dose Advice
Not applicable as it is administered by medical professionals in a controlled setting.
Driving Precautions
Do not drive or operate machinery for at least 24 hours (or longer, as advised by your doctor) after receiving sevoflurane due to potential residual effects on alertness and coordination.
Lifestyle Advice
- Avoid alcohol and other central nervous system depressants for at least 24 hours post-anesthesia.
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