Adults

Apply a thin, even layer to clean, dry skin on the face and neck once or twice daily, preferably in the evening. Gently massage until fully absorbed.

Elderly

Same as adult dosage, paying attention to increased skin sensitivity.

Renal_impairment

Not applicable for topical use as systemic absorption is minimal.

Onset

Visible improvements typically within weeks of consistent use, with more significant results appearing after 1-3 months.

Excretion

Not significant systemic excretion; primarily epidermal renewal and washing off from the skin surface.

Half life

Not applicable for topical cosmetic application; duration of effect depends on continuous use and ingredient stability.

Absorption

Minimal systemic absorption; primarily acts topically on the skin surface. Active ingredients may penetrate the stratum corneum to exert local effects.

Metabolism

Local metabolism within skin cells for active components; systemic metabolism is negligible.

Topical steroids

Concurrent use with strong topical steroids may alter skin barrier function or efficacy of the cream.

Other strong acids or exfoliants

Concurrent use with other strong exfoliating acids (e.g., high-concentration AHAs/BHAs, retinoids) may cause excessive skin irritation, dryness, or sensitivity.