Timodor
Generic Name
Timolol
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| timodor 2 05 eye drop | ৳ 650.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Timolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic blocker primarily used to treat elevated intraocular pressure in conditions like open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. It works by reducing the production of aqueous humor in the eye.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
One drop in the affected eye(s) twice daily.
Elderly
No specific dosage adjustment required, but monitor for systemic side effects.
Renal_impairment
No specific dosage adjustment for ophthalmic use.
How to Take
For ophthalmic use only. Tilt head back, pull down the lower eyelid to form a pouch, instill one drop, then gently close the eye. Apply pressure to the tear duct for 1-2 minutes to minimize systemic absorption.
Mechanism of Action
Timolol acts as a non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, primarily blocking beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. When applied topically to the eye, it reduces elevated and normal intraocular pressure, mainly by decreasing the production of aqueous humor. The exact mechanism of aqueous humor reduction is not fully understood but may involve a reduction in cyclic AMP-mediated secretion.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Ocular hypotensive effect usually starts within 30 minutes.
Excretion
Excreted primarily through the kidneys as metabolites and unchanged drug.
Half life
Approximately 2-4 hours (systemic). The ocular effect may persist longer.
Absorption
Systemic absorption occurs following topical ocular administration. Peak plasma concentrations vary depending on dose and formulation. Systemic absorption from ocular administration is typically low but can lead to systemic beta-blockade effects.
Metabolism
Extensively metabolized in the liver, primarily by the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) pathway.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Bronchial asthma or history of bronchial asthma
- Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Sinus bradycardia, second or third-degree atrioventricular block
- Overt cardiac failure
- Cardiogenic shock
Drug Interactions
Digitalis
Concomitant use may result in additive effects in prolonging AV conduction time.
Oral Beta-blockers
Potential for additive systemic effects (e.g., bradycardia, hypotension).
Calcium channel blockers
Potential for additive effects on AV conduction and left ventricular function.
Catecholamine-depleting drugs (e.g., Reserpine)
May have additive effects and produce hypotension and/or marked bradycardia.
Storage
Store at room temperature, away from light and moisture. Do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of systemic overdose may include bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm, and acute cardiac failure. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Category C. Use during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing woman due to potential for systemic absorption.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Bronchial asthma or history of bronchial asthma
- Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Sinus bradycardia, second or third-degree atrioventricular block
- Overt cardiac failure
- Cardiogenic shock
Drug Interactions
Digitalis
Concomitant use may result in additive effects in prolonging AV conduction time.
Oral Beta-blockers
Potential for additive systemic effects (e.g., bradycardia, hypotension).
Calcium channel blockers
Potential for additive effects on AV conduction and left ventricular function.
Catecholamine-depleting drugs (e.g., Reserpine)
May have additive effects and produce hypotension and/or marked bradycardia.
Storage
Store at room temperature, away from light and moisture. Do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of systemic overdose may include bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm, and acute cardiac failure. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Category C. Use during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing woman due to potential for systemic absorption.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 24-36 months, varies by manufacturer. Once opened, discard after 28 days.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved by regulatory authorities worldwide
Patent Status
Off-patent
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Extensive clinical trials have demonstrated Timolol's efficacy and safety in reducing intraocular pressure in glaucoma and ocular hypertension patients. Long-term studies confirm its sustained effect.
Lab Monitoring
- Monitor intraocular pressure regularly.
- Monitor heart rate and blood pressure, especially in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions.
Doctor Notes
- Assess patient's cardiovascular and respiratory history before prescribing.
- Advise patients on proper instillation technique to minimize systemic absorption and local side effects.
- Regularly monitor IOP and for any systemic adverse effects.
Patient Guidelines
- Do not touch the dropper tip to any surface to avoid contamination.
- Remove contact lenses before application and wait at least 15 minutes before reinserting.
- Inform your doctor about all other medications you are taking, especially other eye drops or oral beta-blockers.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, apply it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and return to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose.
Driving Precautions
May cause temporary blurred vision or dizziness, which could impair the ability to drive or operate machinery. Exercise caution until you know how the medication affects you.
Lifestyle Advice
- Avoid rubbing eyes after application.
- Follow up with your eye doctor regularly to monitor IOP and overall eye health.
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Global Brand Names
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