Take orally with food to enhance absorption and reduce gastrointestinal upset. Swallow the tablet whole with a glass of water.

Nitrofurantoin is reduced by bacterial flavoproteins to reactive intermediates that inactivate or alter bacterial ribosomal proteins and other macromolecules. This leads to the inhibition of vital biochemical processes of the bacteria, such as carbohydrate metabolism and cell wall synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacteriostatic or bactericidal action.

• •Hypersensitivity to nitrofurantoin or any component of the formulation.
• •Patients with creatinine clearance < 60 mL/min or anuria, oliguria, or significant renal impairment.
• •Patients with a history of cholestatic jaundice/hepatic dysfunction associated with prior nitrofurantoin use.
• •Infants younger than one month of age.
• •Pregnant women at term (38-42 weeks gestation), during labor and delivery, or when the onset of labor is imminent due to the possibility of hemolytic anemia in the neonate.
• •Patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency due to the risk of hemolytic anemia.

Store in a cool, dry place below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.

Symptoms of overdose are usually gastric irritation, nausea, and vomiting. Management is symptomatic and supportive, including gastric lavage or induced emesis if ingestion is recent, and adequate hydration. No specific antidote exists.

Pregnancy Category B. Avoid use during the last trimester (at term) due to risk of hemolytic anemia in the neonate. Use with caution during lactation; monitor breastfed infants for diarrhea and rash.