unicontin
Generic Name
theophylline (extended-release)
Manufacturer
Mundipharma
Country
Global
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| unicontin 400 mg tablet | ৳ 6.30 | ৳ 63.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Unicontin-400 mg Tablet is an extended-release bronchodilator containing Theophylline. It is used to prevent and treat the symptoms of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by relaxing the muscles in the airways and improving breathing.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Initial: 200 mg once or twice daily. Maintenance: 200-400 mg once or twice daily, adjusted based on clinical response and serum theophylline levels. Max 900 mg/day.
Elderly
Lower initial doses and careful monitoring due to decreased metabolism and increased risk of toxicity. Individualized dosage based on serum levels.
Renal_impairment
No specific dose adjustment recommended for renal impairment, as theophylline is primarily metabolized by the liver. However, monitor for increased side effects.
How to Take
Take the tablet orally, preferably at the same time(s) each day. Swallow whole with water; do not crush, chew, or break the tablet.
Mechanism of Action
Theophylline acts as a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, leading to increased intracellular cAMP levels, which results in bronchodilation. It also acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist and modulates inflammatory responses.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Bronchodilation typically begins within several hours with extended-release formulations.
Excretion
Renal excretion of metabolites and a small percentage (about 10%) of unchanged drug.
Half life
Highly variable, ranging from 3-15 hours in adults, shorter in smokers and children, longer in elderly and those with liver disease or heart failure.
Absorption
Well absorbed orally; extended-release formulation provides sustained absorption over 12-24 hours.
Metabolism
Primarily hepatic metabolism (90%) by cytochrome P450 isoenzymes, mainly CYP1A2, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- •Hypersensitivity to theophylline or any component of the formulation.
- •Acute myocardial infarction.
- •Uncontrolled seizure disorders.
- •Active peptic ulcer disease (relative contraindication).
Drug Interactions
Beta-blockers
May antagonize the bronchodilating effect of theophylline.
Oral contraceptives
May increase theophylline levels.
Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Rifampin, Carbamazepine
May decrease theophylline levels, leading to reduced efficacy. Dose increase of theophylline may be required.
Cimetidine, Erythromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Fluconazole, Allopurinol
May increase theophylline levels, leading to toxicity. Dose reduction of theophylline may be required.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, restlessness, headache, palpitations, tremor, insomnia, and in severe cases, seizures and cardiac arrhythmias. Management involves discontinuing the drug, activated charcoal, supportive care, and monitoring serum levels. For severe toxicity, hemoperfusion may be considered.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Theophylline is Category C in pregnancy. It crosses the placenta and is excreted in breast milk. Use only if potential benefit outweighs the risk to the fetus/infant. Monitor infant for signs of toxicity.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
2-3 years from manufacturing date
Availability
Available in pharmacies and hospitals
Approval Status
Approved for use in many countries, including Bangladesh (DGDA)
Patent Status
Off-patent (generic available)
WHO Essential Medicine
YesAlternative Medicines in Bangladesh
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine
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