Take orally with food to enhance absorption and reduce gastrointestinal upset. Swallow tablets whole with a glass of water.

Nitrofurantoin is reduced by bacterial flavoproteins to reactive intermediates that inactivate or alter bacterial ribosomal proteins and other macromolecules. This leads to inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, and cell wall formation, eventually causing bacterial cell death.

• •Severe renal impairment (CrCl <60 mL/min)
• •Known hypersensitivity to nitrofurantoin or any excipients
• •History of cholestatic jaundice/hepatic dysfunction associated with nitrofurantoin
• •Infants younger than one month of age (due to risk of hemolytic anemia)
• •Third trimester of pregnancy (due to risk of hemolytic anemia in the neonate)

Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.

Symptoms include gastrointestinal distress (nausea, vomiting), peripheral neuropathy. Management is primarily supportive care, hydration, and monitoring of vital signs. Hemodialysis is not effective.

Pregnancy Category B. Avoid during third trimester due to risk of hemolytic anemia in the neonate. Excreted in breast milk, use with caution in nursing mothers, contraindicated in infants <1 month old.