Take orally with food or milk to improve absorption and minimize gastrointestinal upset. Shake the suspension well before use. Use a measuring spoon or cup for accurate dosing.

Nitrofurantoin is reduced by bacterial flavoproteins to reactive intermediates that inactivate or damage bacterial ribosomal proteins, DNA, RNA, and other metabolic enzymes. These actions interfere with bacterial carbohydrate metabolism and cell wall formation, leading to bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects depending on the concentration.

• •Known hypersensitivity to Nitrofurantoin.
• •Patients with creatinine clearance < 60 mL/min due to the risk of toxicity.
• •Infants younger than 1 month due to the risk of hemolytic anemia.
• •Pregnant women at term (38-42 weeks gestation) or during labor and delivery, due to the theoretical risk of hemolytic anemia in the fetus/neonate.
• •Patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency due to the risk of hemolytic anemia.

Store below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children.

Symptoms of overdose are generally gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, and vomiting. Management is supportive; gastric lavage may be considered if ingestion is recent. Maintaining high fluid intake may promote urinary excretion.

Pregnancy Category B. While studies in animals have not shown harm, human studies are insufficient. It should be avoided at term (38-42 weeks gestation) due to the risk of hemolytic anemia in the neonate. Nitrofurantoin is excreted in breast milk; caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing mother, especially if the infant has G6PD deficiency or is less than 1 month old.