Urodin
Generic Name
Nitrofurantoin
Manufacturer
Drug International Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| urodin 125 mg suspension | ৳ 80.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Nitrofurantoin is an antibacterial agent used to treat and prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs). It works by inhibiting bacterial enzyme systems and damaging bacterial DNA, RNA, cell wall, and proteins.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
For treatment: 50-100 mg four times daily for 7 days. For prophylaxis: 50-100 mg at bedtime.
Elderly
Use with caution; lower doses or longer intervals may be advised due to potential for reduced renal function.
Renal_impairment
Contraindicated in severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 60 mL/min) due to risk of toxicity and lack of efficacy.
How to Take
Oral administration. Take with food or milk to enhance absorption and minimize gastrointestinal upset. Shake the suspension well before use.
Mechanism of Action
Nitrofurantoin is reduced by bacterial flavoproteins to reactive intermediates that inactivate or modify bacterial ribosomal proteins and other macromolecules, inhibiting synthesis of DNA, RNA, cell wall, and protein. This broad action spectrum results in bactericidal effects at high concentrations and bacteriostatic effects at low concentrations.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Urinary concentrations are effective within 30 minutes of administration.
Excretion
Primarily via urine (20-25% unchanged drug) by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion.
Half life
20-60 minutes.
Absorption
Well absorbed from the GI tract. Food enhances bioavailability and reduces GI upset.
Metabolism
Rapidly metabolized in most body tissues (excluding plasma) to inactive metabolites.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to nitrofurantoin or any component of the formulation.
- Severe renal impairment (CrCl < 60 mL/min).
- History of cholestatic jaundice/hepatic dysfunction associated with nitrofurantoin.
- G6PD deficiency due to risk of hemolytic anemia.
- Infants under 1 month of age.
- Pregnancy at term (38-42 weeks gestation) and during labor and delivery.
Drug Interactions
Quinolone antibiotics
Nitrofurantoin may antagonize the antibacterial effects of quinolones.
Probenecid and Sulfinpyrazone
May inhibit renal tubular secretion of nitrofurantoin, leading to increased systemic exposure and reduced urinary concentration.
Antacids (containing magnesium trisilicate)
May reduce the absorption of nitrofurantoin, decreasing its efficacy.
Live bacterial vaccines (e.g., typhoid vaccine)
Antibiotics may reduce the therapeutic effect of live bacterial vaccines.
Storage
Store below 30°C, protected from light and moisture. Do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children. Discard any unused portion after the recommended period (e.g., 14-28 days after opening).
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose include gastric irritation, nausea, and vomiting. Management is primarily supportive; gastric lavage may be considered. Maintain adequate fluid intake to promote urinary excretion.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Avoid at term (38-42 weeks) and during labor/delivery due to potential risk of hemolytic anemia in the neonate. Use with caution during earlier pregnancy if benefits outweigh risks. Excreted in breast milk; use with caution in lactating mothers, especially if infant is G6PD deficient or under 1 month old.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to nitrofurantoin or any component of the formulation.
- Severe renal impairment (CrCl < 60 mL/min).
- History of cholestatic jaundice/hepatic dysfunction associated with nitrofurantoin.
- G6PD deficiency due to risk of hemolytic anemia.
- Infants under 1 month of age.
- Pregnancy at term (38-42 weeks gestation) and during labor and delivery.
Drug Interactions
Quinolone antibiotics
Nitrofurantoin may antagonize the antibacterial effects of quinolones.
Probenecid and Sulfinpyrazone
May inhibit renal tubular secretion of nitrofurantoin, leading to increased systemic exposure and reduced urinary concentration.
Antacids (containing magnesium trisilicate)
May reduce the absorption of nitrofurantoin, decreasing its efficacy.
Live bacterial vaccines (e.g., typhoid vaccine)
Antibiotics may reduce the therapeutic effect of live bacterial vaccines.
Storage
Store below 30°C, protected from light and moisture. Do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children. Discard any unused portion after the recommended period (e.g., 14-28 days after opening).
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose include gastric irritation, nausea, and vomiting. Management is primarily supportive; gastric lavage may be considered. Maintain adequate fluid intake to promote urinary excretion.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Avoid at term (38-42 weeks) and during labor/delivery due to potential risk of hemolytic anemia in the neonate. Use with caution during earlier pregnancy if benefits outweigh risks. Excreted in breast milk; use with caution in lactating mothers, especially if infant is G6PD deficient or under 1 month old.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Usually 24 to 36 months from the date of manufacture. Refer to the product label for specific expiry.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved by regulatory authorities (e.g., DGDA, FDA)
Patent Status
Generic available
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Nitrofurantoin has been extensively studied in numerous clinical trials for its efficacy and safety in treating and preventing urinary tract infections over decades.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function (creatinine clearance) especially in elderly and those with pre-existing impairment.
- Liver function tests (if signs of hepatotoxicity develop).
- Complete blood count (CBC) to monitor for hemolytic anemia, especially in high-risk patients.
- G6PD screening (if G6PD deficiency is suspected).
Doctor Notes
- Carefully assess renal function (CrCl) before initiating treatment, especially in elderly patients, and consider alternative treatments if CrCl < 60 mL/min.
- Counsel patients on the importance of completing the full course and reporting any new or worsening symptoms, particularly respiratory, hepatic, or neurological.
- Not indicated for pyelonephritis or perinephric abscesses, as systemic tissue levels are inadequate.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the entire course of medication as prescribed by your doctor, even if symptoms improve.
- Take Urodin with food or milk to reduce stomach upset.
- Shake the suspension well before each use.
- Do not use for viral infections.
- Report any severe or persistent side effects, especially lung problems (cough, chest pain, shortness of breath) or numbness/tingling in hands/feet.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and return to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
Urodin may cause dizziness, drowsiness, or visual disturbances in some individuals. Exercise caution when driving or operating machinery until you know how this medicine affects you.
Lifestyle Advice
- Drink plenty of fluids to help flush bacteria from the urinary tract.
- Maintain good personal hygiene to prevent recurrent UTIs.
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