Vanmycin
Generic Name
Vancomycin 1 gm injection
Manufacturer
Popular Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| vanmycin 1 gm injection | ৳ 480.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used to treat severe, life-threatening infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It is particularly useful for patients allergic to penicillin.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
For systemic infections: 15-20 mg/kg intravenously (IV) every 8-12 hours, not exceeding 2 gm per dose or 30-40 mg/kg/day. Infuse over at least 60 minutes.
Elderly
Dose adjustment required based on renal function due to age-related decline in kidney function. Monitor serum concentrations closely.
Renal_impairment
Significant dose reduction and/or extended dosing intervals are necessary. Dosing must be individualized based on creatinine clearance and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).
How to Take
Administer intravenously by slow infusion over at least 60 minutes (for 1 gm dose) to reduce the risk of 'red man syndrome'. Do not administer as an IV bolus. Reconstitute the powder with sterile water for injection, then dilute in compatible IV fluid (e.g., 5% Dextrose Injection, 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection).
Mechanism of Action
Vancomycin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of the peptidoglycan precursor, thereby blocking transglycosylation and transpeptidation. This leads to disruption of cell wall integrity and ultimately bacterial cell death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Rapidly distributed after intravenous infusion, with peak plasma concentrations occurring shortly after completion of infusion.
Excretion
Primarily excreted unchanged by glomerular filtration in the kidneys (about 80-90% of a dose within 24 hours).
Half life
Approximately 4-6 hours in adults with normal renal function. It can be significantly prolonged in patients with renal impairment.
Absorption
Poorly absorbed orally; primarily administered intravenously for systemic infections. Oral administration is used for local action in C. difficile infections.
Metabolism
Minimally metabolized; negligible metabolism occurs in the liver.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to vancomycin or any component of the formulation
Drug Interactions
Anesthetic agents
Risk of hypotension and 'red man syndrome' increased with concomitant administration.
Loop diuretics (e.g., Furosemide)
May enhance ototoxicity.
Aminoglycosides (e.g., Gentamicin, Amikacin)
Increased risk of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.
Neuromuscular blockers (e.g., Succinylcholine)
May enhance and prolong the neuromuscular blocking effects.
Storage
Store the dry powder at room temperature (below 30°C), protected from light. Do not freeze. Reconstituted and diluted solutions should be used immediately or stored according to manufacturer's recommendations (e.g., refrigerated for up to 24 hours).
Overdose
Management of vancomycin overdose is primarily supportive, including general supportive measures and maintaining hydration. Hemodialysis is of limited benefit in removing vancomycin from the blood.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed and the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks to the fetus. Vancomycin is excreted in breast milk; caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing mother. Consult a doctor.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to vancomycin or any component of the formulation
Drug Interactions
Anesthetic agents
Risk of hypotension and 'red man syndrome' increased with concomitant administration.
Loop diuretics (e.g., Furosemide)
May enhance ototoxicity.
Aminoglycosides (e.g., Gentamicin, Amikacin)
Increased risk of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.
Neuromuscular blockers (e.g., Succinylcholine)
May enhance and prolong the neuromuscular blocking effects.
Storage
Store the dry powder at room temperature (below 30°C), protected from light. Do not freeze. Reconstituted and diluted solutions should be used immediately or stored according to manufacturer's recommendations (e.g., refrigerated for up to 24 hours).
Overdose
Management of vancomycin overdose is primarily supportive, including general supportive measures and maintaining hydration. Hemodialysis is of limited benefit in removing vancomycin from the blood.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed and the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks to the fetus. Vancomycin is excreted in breast milk; caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing mother. Consult a doctor.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years from the date of manufacture when stored appropriately. Reconstituted solution should be used promptly.
Availability
Available in hospitals and pharmacies
Approval Status
Approved by relevant health authorities (e.g., FDA, DGDA)
Patent Status
Off-patent (Generic available)
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Vancomycin is a well-established antibiotic. Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy and safety profile for treating severe Gram-positive infections. Ongoing research focuses on optimizing dosing strategies and investigating new formulations.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function (serum creatinine, BUN) before and during therapy
- Vancomycin serum trough levels (therapeutic drug monitoring) to guide dosing and minimize toxicity
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) periodically
- Audiometry for patients at risk of ototoxicity or prolonged therapy
Doctor Notes
- Crucial for severe MRSA infections and C. difficile (oral).
- Monitor renal function (CrCl, BUN) and vancomycin trough levels (10-20 mcg/mL, or 15-20 mcg/mL for severe infections) closely to optimize efficacy and minimize toxicity.
- Ensure slow IV infusion (≥60 min for 1 gm) to prevent Red Man Syndrome.
- Consider alternative agents or dose adjustments in patients with significant renal impairment or concurrent nephrotoxic drugs.
Patient Guidelines
- Report any signs of 'red man syndrome' (flushing, rash, itching) during or after infusion immediately.
- Inform your doctor about any changes in hearing or ringing in the ears.
- Complete the full course of treatment as prescribed, even if you feel better.
- Inform your healthcare provider about all other medications you are taking.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.
Driving Precautions
Vancomycin may cause dizziness or visual disturbances in some patients. Patients should be advised to exercise caution when driving or operating machinery until they know how the medication affects them.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain adequate hydration during treatment.
- Avoid concomitant use of other nephrotoxic or ototoxic drugs without consulting your doctor.
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