Xendox
Generic Name
Doxycycline
Manufacturer
Generic Manufacturer
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| xendox 400 mg tablet | ৳ 10.00 | ৳ 100.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Xendox 400 mg Tablet contains Doxycycline, a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections, including respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin infections, and certain sexually transmitted infections. It is also used for malaria prophylaxis and treatment.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
The usual adult dose for most infections is 100 mg twice daily or 200 mg once daily. A 400 mg tablet is an exceptionally high single dose, which is not standard for daily maintenance therapy of Doxycycline. Such a strength might be considered only in specific, very severe infections, or as an initial loading dose in certain protocols, always under strict medical supervision. Please consult a physician for appropriate dosing.
Elderly
Similar to adult dosage; caution is advised due to potential for age-related decline in renal or hepatic function, although specific dose adjustments for doxycycline are often not required.
Renal_impairment
No dosage adjustment typically required, as doxycycline is primarily excreted through non-renal pathways. However, caution and monitoring are advised in patients with severe renal impairment.
How to Take
Take orally with a full glass of water (approx. 240 mL), preferably while sitting or standing, to reduce the risk of esophageal irritation and ulceration. Remain upright for at least 30 minutes after taking. Can be taken with food or milk if gastric irritation occurs, but avoid dairy products, antacids, and iron preparations within 2-3 hours of dose.
Mechanism of Action
Doxycycline inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding reversibly to the 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby preventing the attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosomal acceptor site. This action effectively interferes with bacterial growth and replication, leading to its bacteriostatic effect.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Therapeutic concentrations are usually achieved within 1-2 hours after a single oral dose.
Excretion
Excreted largely unchanged via the kidneys (urine) and intestine (feces) mainly. Renal impairment does not significantly alter its elimination.
Half life
The plasma elimination half-life is typically 16-22 hours, which allows for once or twice-daily dosing.
Absorption
Rapidly and almost completely absorbed after oral administration, primarily in the stomach and upper small intestine. Absorption is not significantly affected by food, though dairy products and certain cations can impair it.
Metabolism
Not extensively metabolized in the liver; it primarily undergoes hepatic recirculation.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to doxycycline or other tetracyclines
- Pregnancy (especially second and third trimesters)
- Children under 8 years of age (risk of permanent tooth discoloration and enamel hypoplasia)
- Severe hepatic impairment (use with caution)
Drug Interactions
Penicillins
May interfere with the bactericidal action of penicillin; avoid concomitant use.
Methotrexate
Doxycycline may increase the plasma concentration of methotrexate, potentially increasing its toxicity.
Oral contraceptives
May reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives (though controversial). Advise use of a backup method of contraception.
Warfarin and other oral anticoagulants
May enhance anticoagulant effect, requiring close monitoring of INR and possible dose adjustment of anticoagulants.
Antacids, iron preparations, calcium supplements, zinc supplements, bismuth subsalicylate
Can form insoluble chelates with doxycycline, impairing its absorption. Separate administration by at least 2-3 hours.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place, below 30°C (86°F). Protect from direct sunlight, moisture, and excessive heat. Keep out of reach and sight of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In very severe cases, hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity may occur. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Gastric lavage may be considered if recent ingestion. Hemodialysis is not effective in removing doxycycline from the body.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category D. Doxycycline crosses the placenta and can cause permanent tooth discoloration (yellow-grey-brown) and enamel hypoplasia, as well as reversible inhibition of bone growth in the fetus. It is contraindicated during pregnancy, especially during the second and third trimesters. Doxycycline is excreted into breast milk. Due to the potential for serious adverse effects on infant's teeth and bone development, it is not recommended during breastfeeding.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to doxycycline or other tetracyclines
- Pregnancy (especially second and third trimesters)
- Children under 8 years of age (risk of permanent tooth discoloration and enamel hypoplasia)
- Severe hepatic impairment (use with caution)
Drug Interactions
Penicillins
May interfere with the bactericidal action of penicillin; avoid concomitant use.
Methotrexate
Doxycycline may increase the plasma concentration of methotrexate, potentially increasing its toxicity.
Oral contraceptives
May reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives (though controversial). Advise use of a backup method of contraception.
Warfarin and other oral anticoagulants
May enhance anticoagulant effect, requiring close monitoring of INR and possible dose adjustment of anticoagulants.
Antacids, iron preparations, calcium supplements, zinc supplements, bismuth subsalicylate
Can form insoluble chelates with doxycycline, impairing its absorption. Separate administration by at least 2-3 hours.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place, below 30°C (86°F). Protect from direct sunlight, moisture, and excessive heat. Keep out of reach and sight of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In very severe cases, hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity may occur. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Gastric lavage may be considered if recent ingestion. Hemodialysis is not effective in removing doxycycline from the body.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category D. Doxycycline crosses the placenta and can cause permanent tooth discoloration (yellow-grey-brown) and enamel hypoplasia, as well as reversible inhibition of bone growth in the fetus. It is contraindicated during pregnancy, especially during the second and third trimesters. Doxycycline is excreted into breast milk. Due to the potential for serious adverse effects on infant's teeth and bone development, it is not recommended during breastfeeding.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 24 to 36 months from the date of manufacture, depending on specific formulation and manufacturer. Refer to the product packaging for exact expiry date.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved by regulatory bodies
Patent Status
Generic available
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Doxycycline, the active ingredient in Xendox, has undergone extensive clinical trials over decades, establishing its efficacy and safety across a wide range of bacterial infections. Ongoing research continues to explore new applications and optimal dosing regimens.
Lab Monitoring
- Liver function tests (for long-term therapy or pre-existing hepatic impairment)
- Kidney function tests (for long-term therapy or pre-existing renal impairment)
- Complete blood count (rarely, for prolonged treatment, to check for blood dyscrasias)
Doctor Notes
- Counsel patients thoroughly on proper administration to minimize esophageal irritation (take with adequate water, remain upright).
- Strongly advise on photosensitivity precautions; recommend high SPF sunscreen and protective clothing.
- Educate on potential drug interactions, especially with polyvalent cations (antacids, iron, calcium) and oral contraceptives.
- Emphasize completion of the full course of therapy, even if symptoms improve, to prevent resistance and relapse.
- Contraindicated in pregnant women and children under 8 years; explore alternative antibiotics if necessary for these populations.
Patient Guidelines
- Take exactly as prescribed by your doctor; do not skip doses or stop early, even if symptoms improve.
- Always take with a full glass of water and remain upright for at least 30 minutes after taking to prevent esophageal issues.
- Due to photosensitivity, use sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher) and wear protective clothing when exposed to sunlight. Avoid prolonged sun exposure and tanning beds.
- Avoid taking antacids, iron supplements, calcium-containing products, or dairy products within 2-3 hours of your dose.
- If you experience severe diarrhea, stomach cramps, or unusual vaginal discharge, contact your doctor immediately.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
Xendox (Doxycycline) may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or blurred vision in some individuals. If you experience these effects, avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how the medication affects you.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hydration by drinking plenty of water throughout the day.
- Avoid excessive sun exposure to prevent severe sunburns.
- Avoid alcohol consumption, as it may exacerbate gastrointestinal side effects and potentially affect liver function.
- Use an alternative method of birth control if you are using oral contraceptives.
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