Xerocid
Generic Name
Ciprofloxacin
Manufacturer
XYZ Pharmaceuticals
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| xerocid 500 mg chewable tablet | ৳ 3.50 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Typically 250-750 mg orally twice daily, depending on the type and severity of infection. For chewable tablets, follow specific product instructions.
Elderly
Dosage adjustment may be necessary based on renal function and overall health status.
Renal_impairment
Dosage reduction is required for patients with severe renal impairment (e.g., creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min).
How to Take
Take orally, with or without food. Chew the tablet completely before swallowing. Do not crush or swallow whole. Drink plenty of fluids.
Mechanism of Action
Ciprofloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes essential for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination, leading to cell death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Antibacterial effects typically begin within 1-2 hours after administration.
Excretion
Primarily excreted renally (50-70% as unchanged drug) and to a lesser extent via feces (15-30%).
Half life
The plasma elimination half-life is approximately 3-5 hours in adults with normal renal function.
Absorption
Rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Oral bioavailability is approximately 70-80%. Peak plasma concentrations are achieved within 1-2 hours.
Metabolism
Ciprofloxacin is partially metabolized in the liver (10-20%) to several less active metabolites.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones.
- Concomitant use with Tizanidine.
- History of tendinitis or tendon rupture associated with fluoroquinolone use.
- Patients with myasthenia gravis.
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
Potentiation of the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, requiring INR monitoring.
Methotrexate
Increased methotrexate plasma levels and risk of toxicity.
Theophylline
Increased theophylline plasma levels and risk of toxicity.
Corticosteroids
Increased risk of tendon rupture when co-administered.
Antacids, Iron, Zinc, Calcium
Reduced absorption of ciprofloxacin when taken concurrently with multivalent cations. Administer ciprofloxacin 2 hours before or 6 hours after these agents.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of overdose, gastric lavage and activated charcoal may be considered. Maintain adequate hydration. Symptomatic and supportive treatment should be initiated. Ciprofloxacin is poorly removed by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Use only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Ciprofloxacin is excreted into breast milk; breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment or advise to pump and discard milk for 48 hours after the last dose.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones.
- Concomitant use with Tizanidine.
- History of tendinitis or tendon rupture associated with fluoroquinolone use.
- Patients with myasthenia gravis.
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
Potentiation of the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, requiring INR monitoring.
Methotrexate
Increased methotrexate plasma levels and risk of toxicity.
Theophylline
Increased theophylline plasma levels and risk of toxicity.
Corticosteroids
Increased risk of tendon rupture when co-administered.
Antacids, Iron, Zinc, Calcium
Reduced absorption of ciprofloxacin when taken concurrently with multivalent cations. Administer ciprofloxacin 2 hours before or 6 hours after these agents.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of overdose, gastric lavage and activated charcoal may be considered. Maintain adequate hydration. Symptomatic and supportive treatment should be initiated. Ciprofloxacin is poorly removed by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Use only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Ciprofloxacin is excreted into breast milk; breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment or advise to pump and discard milk for 48 hours after the last dose.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 24 to 36 months from the date of manufacture.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved
Patent Status
Expired
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ciprofloxacin has been extensively studied in numerous clinical trials since its introduction, demonstrating efficacy across a wide range of bacterial infections. Ongoing research continues to evaluate its safety and optimal use.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function tests (creatinine, BUN) in patients with impaired renal function.
- Liver function tests (ALT, AST) if prolonged therapy or liver impairment is suspected.
- Complete blood count (CBC) if prolonged therapy is anticipated.
Doctor Notes
- Emphasize the importance of completing the full course of antibiotics to prevent resistance and recurrence.
- Alert patients about potential severe adverse effects such as tendinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and CNS effects, and advise them to seek immediate medical attention if these occur.
- Caution patients about potential interactions with dairy products and multivalent cations, advising appropriate spacing of doses.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the entire course of medication as prescribed, even if symptoms improve, to prevent antibiotic resistance.
- Drink plenty of fluids to ensure proper kidney function and prevent crystalluria.
- Avoid excessive sun exposure and use sun protection (e.g., sunscreen, protective clothing) due to increased photosensitivity.
- Report any new or worsening tendon pain, swelling, numbness, tingling, or weakness immediately to your doctor.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
This medicine may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or visual disturbances. Do not drive or operate heavy machinery until you know how Xerocid-500 affects you.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good personal hygiene to prevent the spread of infection.
- Avoid alcohol consumption during treatment as it may exacerbate side effects like dizziness.
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