Xiclav
Generic Name
Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| xiclav 125 mg suspension | ৳ 250.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Xiclav 125 mg Suspension is an antibiotic medication combining amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. It is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and otitis media.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Adults usually take higher strengths. For pediatric use, dosage depends on body weight and severity of infection, typically 25 mg/kg/day to 45 mg/kg/day of amoxicillin component in divided doses every 8 or 12 hours.
Elderly
No specific dosage adjustment usually required unless there is significant renal impairment.
Renal_impairment
Dosage adjustment is necessary for patients with creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min. Consultation with a physician is recommended.
How to Take
Oral administration. Administer at the start of a meal to minimize potential gastrointestinal intolerance. Shake the suspension well before each use. Use an accurate measuring device provided with the medicine.
Mechanism of Action
Amoxicillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis. Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor that protects amoxicillin from degradation by beta-lactamase enzymes produced by resistant bacteria, thus extending amoxicillin's antibacterial spectrum.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Within 1 hour
Excretion
Primarily via renal excretion (glomerular filtration and tubular secretion) for both components.
Half life
Amoxicillin: approximately 1 hour; Clavulanic acid: approximately 1 hour
Absorption
Both amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. Peak plasma concentrations are reached in about 1-2 hours.
Metabolism
Amoxicillin is minimally metabolized; Clavulanic acid is extensively metabolized.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- History of severe hypersensitivity reaction to amoxicillin, clavulanic acid, or any other beta-lactam antibiotic (e.g., penicillins, cephalosporins)
- History of cholestatic jaundice or hepatic dysfunction associated with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid therapy
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
May prolong prothrombin time; monitor INR closely.
Probenecid
Decreases renal tubular secretion of amoxicillin, leading to increased and prolonged plasma levels of amoxicillin.
Methotrexate
Reduced renal tubular secretion of methotrexate, potentially increasing its toxicity.
Oral Contraceptives
May reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives; advise additional contraceptive methods.
Storage
Store the dry powder below 30°C in a dry place, away from light. Once reconstituted, store in a refrigerator (2-8°C) and discard after 7-10 days.
Overdose
Symptoms may include gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) and disturbances of the fluid and electrolyte balance. Convulsions may occur. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid can be removed from the circulation by hemodialysis.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have shown no evidence of harm to the fetus, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women are lacking. Use only if clearly needed. Both components are excreted into breast milk; use with caution in nursing mothers.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- History of severe hypersensitivity reaction to amoxicillin, clavulanic acid, or any other beta-lactam antibiotic (e.g., penicillins, cephalosporins)
- History of cholestatic jaundice or hepatic dysfunction associated with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid therapy
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
May prolong prothrombin time; monitor INR closely.
Probenecid
Decreases renal tubular secretion of amoxicillin, leading to increased and prolonged plasma levels of amoxicillin.
Methotrexate
Reduced renal tubular secretion of methotrexate, potentially increasing its toxicity.
Oral Contraceptives
May reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives; advise additional contraceptive methods.
Storage
Store the dry powder below 30°C in a dry place, away from light. Once reconstituted, store in a refrigerator (2-8°C) and discard after 7-10 days.
Overdose
Symptoms may include gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) and disturbances of the fluid and electrolyte balance. Convulsions may occur. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid can be removed from the circulation by hemodialysis.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have shown no evidence of harm to the fetus, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women are lacking. Use only if clearly needed. Both components are excreted into breast milk; use with caution in nursing mothers.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
24 months (unreconstituted powder). After reconstitution, typically 7-10 days when stored in a refrigerator.
Availability
Pharmacies, hospitals, clinics
Approval Status
Approved by regulatory bodies (e.g., DGDA, FDA)
Patent Status
Generics available, patent expired for original combination
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Extensively studied since its introduction; numerous trials support its efficacy and safety in various bacterial infections.
Lab Monitoring
- Liver function tests (ALT, AST, bilirubin) in patients with hepatic impairment
- Renal function tests (creatinine, BUN) in patients with renal impairment
- Complete blood count (CBC) during prolonged therapy
Doctor Notes
- Emphasize adherence to the full treatment course to prevent resistance.
- Monitor for signs of hypersensitivity reactions, especially within the first few doses.
- Advise patients on proper reconstitution and storage of the suspension.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of antibiotics, even if symptoms improve.
- Shake the suspension well before each use.
- Use the provided measuring spoon or cup for accurate dosing.
- Report any severe diarrhea or allergic reactions to your doctor immediately.
Missed Dose Advice
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose.
Driving Precautions
Xiclav is not generally expected to impair the ability to drive or operate machinery. However, if side effects like dizziness or convulsions occur, patients should avoid driving.
Lifestyle Advice
- Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids.
- Maintain good hygiene to prevent spread of infection.
- Avoid alcohol consumption during antibiotic treatment.
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