Amotid
Generic Name
Amoxicillin
Manufacturer
ACI Limited
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| amotid 250 mg capsule | ৳ 4.00 | ৳ 40.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Amoxicillin is a penicillin-type antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, skin infections, and certain sexually transmitted infections.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Standard dose for most infections: 250 mg to 500 mg every 8 hours, or 500 mg to 875 mg every 12 hours. For severe infections, up to 1 gram every 8 hours.
Elderly
Similar to adult dose, but dose adjustment may be necessary based on renal function.
Renal_impairment
Dose reduction or increased dosing interval is required. For creatinine clearance 10-30 mL/min, 250-500 mg every 12 hours. For creatinine clearance <10 mL/min, 250-500 mg every 24 hours.
How to Take
Amotid capsules should be swallowed whole with a glass of water, with or without food. To minimize potential gastrointestinal intolerance, it may be taken with food.
Mechanism of Action
Amoxicillin works by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, leading to bacterial cell lysis and death. It is bactericidal against susceptible organisms.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Peak plasma concentrations usually achieved within 1-2 hours after oral administration.
Excretion
Mainly excreted by the kidneys, primarily through glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. Approximately 60-70% of an oral dose is excreted unchanged in the urine within 6 hours.
Half life
Approximately 1 to 1.5 hours in adults with normal renal function.
Absorption
Rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, especially when taken orally. Bioavailability is approximately 70-90%.
Metabolism
Limited hepatic metabolism; primarily excreted unchanged. About 10-25% is metabolized to inactive penicilloic acid.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to penicillin or any component of the formulation.
- History of severe allergic reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis) to any beta-lactam antibiotic (e.g., cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams).
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Increases and prolongs plasma levels of amoxicillin by decreasing renal tubular secretion.
Allopurinol
Concomitant use with amoxicillin may increase the incidence of skin rash.
Methotrexate
May increase methotrexate toxicity due to reduced renal clearance.
Oral contraceptives
May reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.
Warfarin and other oral anticoagulants
May prolong prothrombin time (INR), increasing the risk of bleeding.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and disturbances of fluid and electrolyte balance. In severe cases, crystalluria leading to renal failure has been observed. Management involves symptomatic and supportive treatment. Hemodialysis can remove amoxicillin from circulation.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Amoxicillin is generally considered safe during pregnancy, but should be used only if clearly needed. It is excreted in small amounts in breast milk; caution is advised during breastfeeding.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to penicillin or any component of the formulation.
- History of severe allergic reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis) to any beta-lactam antibiotic (e.g., cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams).
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Increases and prolongs plasma levels of amoxicillin by decreasing renal tubular secretion.
Allopurinol
Concomitant use with amoxicillin may increase the incidence of skin rash.
Methotrexate
May increase methotrexate toxicity due to reduced renal clearance.
Oral contraceptives
May reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.
Warfarin and other oral anticoagulants
May prolong prothrombin time (INR), increasing the risk of bleeding.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and disturbances of fluid and electrolyte balance. In severe cases, crystalluria leading to renal failure has been observed. Management involves symptomatic and supportive treatment. Hemodialysis can remove amoxicillin from circulation.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Amoxicillin is generally considered safe during pregnancy, but should be used only if clearly needed. It is excreted in small amounts in breast milk; caution is advised during breastfeeding.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 24 to 36 months from the date of manufacture, depending on the manufacturer and storage conditions.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Generally approved worldwide
Patent Status
Generic
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Amoxicillin has undergone extensive clinical trials over decades, establishing its efficacy and safety profile for various bacterial infections. Ongoing research focuses on resistance patterns and new formulations.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function should be monitored during prolonged therapy, especially in patients with pre-existing renal impairment.
- Liver function tests may be monitored if liver dysfunction is suspected or with prolonged use.
Doctor Notes
- Emphasize the importance of completing the full course of therapy to prevent antibiotic resistance.
- Counsel patients on potential allergic reactions and advise them to seek immediate medical attention if severe reactions occur.
- Consider renal function adjustment in elderly and renally impaired patients.
Patient Guidelines
- Take the full course of medicine as prescribed, even if you feel better, to prevent recurrence and development of antibiotic resistance.
- Do not share your medication with others.
- Inform your doctor if you experience any signs of an allergic reaction (e.g., rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, trouble breathing).
- Report persistent diarrhea to your doctor, as it could be a sign of a new infection.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
Amoxicillin usually does not affect the ability to drive or operate machinery. However, if side effects like dizziness or allergic reactions occur, caution should be exercised.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain adequate hydration, especially if experiencing diarrhea.
- Avoid alcohol consumption if it exacerbates gastrointestinal side effects.
- Probiotic supplements may help manage antibiotic-associated diarrhea, consult your doctor.
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