Axon
Generic Name
Ceftriaxone
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| axon 1 gm injection | ৳ 200.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Ceftriaxone is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Typical dose is 1-2 gm once daily (IV or IM). In severe infections, up to 4 gm daily may be given in a single dose or divided doses.
Elderly
No specific dose adjustment usually required for age, but monitor renal function in elderly patients.
Renal_impairment
No dosage adjustment needed for mild to moderate renal impairment; for severe impairment (creatinine clearance <10 mL/min), max 2g/day should not be exceeded.
How to Take
For IV administration, reconstitute with an appropriate diluent (e.g., Water for Injection) and infuse slowly over 30 minutes. For IM administration, reconstitute and inject deeply into a large muscle (e.g., gluteus maximus).
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), leading to bacterial cell lysis and death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Rapid, typically within 1 hour for IV administration.
Excretion
Approximately 50-60% via urine and 40-50% via bile/feces.
Half life
Approximately 6-9 hours (prolonged in neonates).
Absorption
Rapidly and completely absorbed after intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) administration.
Metabolism
Partially metabolized in the liver to inactive metabolites, primarily via hydrolysis.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to ceftriaxone, any other cephalosporin, or to penicillin (cross-sensitivity).
- Neonates (≤28 days) with hyperbilirubinemia, especially premature neonates.
- Neonates (≤28 days) requiring calcium-containing IV solutions due to risk of precipitation.
Drug Interactions
Heparin
Increased bleeding risk.
Loop diuretics
Concurrent use may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity.
Aminoglycosides
Although generally compatible, avoid mixing in the same syringe or infusion. May increase nephrotoxicity (rare).
Oral anticoagulants
May increase the anticoagulant effect and the risk of bleeding. INR monitoring is recommended.
Calcium-containing solutions
Contraindicated in neonates; in other age groups, administer sequentially with flushing.
Storage
Store the dry powder below 30°C (86°F) in a dry place, protected from light. Keep out of reach of children. Do not freeze. Refer to product leaflet for specific storage conditions of the reconstituted solution.
Overdose
In cases of overdose, symptomatic and supportive treatment should be initiated. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is not effective in reducing ceftriaxone concentrations.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Animal reproduction studies have shown no evidence of fetal harm, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women are lacking. Use only if clearly needed. Small amounts of ceftriaxone are excreted in human breast milk; use with caution during lactation.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to ceftriaxone, any other cephalosporin, or to penicillin (cross-sensitivity).
- Neonates (≤28 days) with hyperbilirubinemia, especially premature neonates.
- Neonates (≤28 days) requiring calcium-containing IV solutions due to risk of precipitation.
Drug Interactions
Heparin
Increased bleeding risk.
Loop diuretics
Concurrent use may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity.
Aminoglycosides
Although generally compatible, avoid mixing in the same syringe or infusion. May increase nephrotoxicity (rare).
Oral anticoagulants
May increase the anticoagulant effect and the risk of bleeding. INR monitoring is recommended.
Calcium-containing solutions
Contraindicated in neonates; in other age groups, administer sequentially with flushing.
Storage
Store the dry powder below 30°C (86°F) in a dry place, protected from light. Keep out of reach of children. Do not freeze. Refer to product leaflet for specific storage conditions of the reconstituted solution.
Overdose
In cases of overdose, symptomatic and supportive treatment should be initiated. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is not effective in reducing ceftriaxone concentrations.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Animal reproduction studies have shown no evidence of fetal harm, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women are lacking. Use only if clearly needed. Small amounts of ceftriaxone are excreted in human breast milk; use with caution during lactation.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
24-36 months when stored as dry powder. Reconstituted solution generally stable for 6-24 hours at room temperature or up to 2-10 days under refrigeration, depending on the diluent.
Availability
Pharmacies, hospitals, clinics
Approval Status
Approved by major regulatory bodies (e.g., FDA, DGDA)
Patent Status
Generic available, original patent expired
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Extensive clinical trials have established Ceftriaxone's efficacy and safety across a wide range of bacterial infections in various patient populations, leading to its widespread approval and use globally.
Lab Monitoring
- Complete blood count (CBC) with differential, especially during prolonged therapy.
- Renal function tests (e.g., serum creatinine, BUN) periodically.
- Hepatic function tests (e.g., ALT, AST) periodically.
Doctor Notes
- Always perform a thorough patient history review, including allergy status, before administering ceftriaxone.
- For neonates, pay critical attention to co-administration with calcium-containing products due to fatal precipitation risk.
- Monitor for signs of C. difficile infection, especially with prolonged use or in patients developing severe diarrhea.
- Consider dose adjustment in severe hepatic and renal impairment if combined.
Patient Guidelines
- It is crucial to complete the entire prescribed course of Axon, even if you start feeling better, to prevent the recurrence of infection and development of antibiotic resistance.
- Report any signs of severe allergic reaction (e.g., rash, swelling, difficulty breathing) immediately.
- Inform your doctor about all other medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements.
- Do not share this medicine with others, even if they have similar symptoms.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, administer it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
Axon may cause dizziness or lightheadedness in some individuals. If you experience these symptoms, avoid driving or operating machinery.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hygiene to prevent reinfection.
- Stay well hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids.
- Follow your doctor's advice on diet and activity during treatment.
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