Axon
Generic Name
Ceftriaxone
Manufacturer
Acme Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| axon 2 gm injection | ৳ 300.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Ceftriaxone is a broad-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections including respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, urinary tract infections, and meningitis.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
1-2 gm once daily (every 24 hours) or in two equally divided doses. In severe infections or infections caused by moderately susceptible organisms, the total daily dose may be increased to 4 gm.
Elderly
No specific dose adjustment is necessary for elderly patients with normal renal and hepatic function. Dosage adjustment may be required in cases of severe renal or hepatic impairment.
Renal_impairment
In patients with renal impairment, dosage adjustment is generally not necessary for mild to moderate impairment. For severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <10 mL/min), the total daily dose should not exceed 2 gm.
How to Take
Axon 2 gm Injection can be administered by deep intramuscular injection, slow intravenous (IV) injection (over 2-4 minutes), or slow intravenous infusion (over 30 minutes). It should be reconstituted with an appropriate diluent (e.g., Sterile Water for Injection, Lidocaine HCl 1% solution for IM).
Mechanism of Action
Ceftriaxone acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located in the bacterial cell wall, which prevents the cross-linking of peptidoglycan, leading to cell lysis and bacterial death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Rapid, typically within 2-3 hours for therapeutic concentrations.
Excretion
Approximately 50-60% excreted unchanged in urine via glomerular filtration and tubular secretion, and 40-50% excreted unchanged in bile/feces.
Half life
Approximately 6-9 hours (average 8 hours), allowing for once-daily dosing.
Absorption
Rapid and complete absorption after intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) administration.
Metabolism
Minimal hepatic metabolism; primarily eliminated as unchanged drug. Some conversion to inactive metabolites in the intestine by microbial flora.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ceftriaxone, any other cephalosporin, or any excipients of the formulation.
- Patients with a history of severe hypersensitivity reaction to any other type of beta-lactam antibacterial agent (e.g., penicillins, monobactams, carbapenems).
- Neonates with hyperbilirubinemia, especially premature neonates, due to the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy.
- Neonates (≤28 days of age) receiving intravenous calcium-containing solutions or products.
Drug Interactions
Aminoglycosides
Although often used in combination, physical incompatibility may occur. Do not mix in the same syringe or IV bag.
Oral anticoagulants
May enhance the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonists (e.g., warfarin). Monitoring of INR/PT is recommended.
Calcium-containing solutions
Concomitant use with intravenous calcium-containing solutions is contraindicated in neonates (≤28 days of age) due to the risk of ceftriaxone-calcium precipitation. In other age groups, calcium-containing solutions and ceftriaxone should not be mixed or administered simultaneously through the same IV line.
Loop diuretics (e.g., Furosemide)
High doses of cephalosporins with potent diuretics may impair renal function.
Storage
Store the dry powder below 30°C, protected from light and moisture. Do not freeze. Reconstituted solution should be used immediately or stored as per specific instructions on the label.
Overdose
In the event of an overdose, ceftriaxone concentrations will not be reduced by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Treatment should be symptomatic and supportive.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have shown no evidence of harm to the fetus, but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Ceftriaxone is excreted in low concentrations in breast milk; caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing mother.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ceftriaxone, any other cephalosporin, or any excipients of the formulation.
- Patients with a history of severe hypersensitivity reaction to any other type of beta-lactam antibacterial agent (e.g., penicillins, monobactams, carbapenems).
- Neonates with hyperbilirubinemia, especially premature neonates, due to the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy.
- Neonates (≤28 days of age) receiving intravenous calcium-containing solutions or products.
Drug Interactions
Aminoglycosides
Although often used in combination, physical incompatibility may occur. Do not mix in the same syringe or IV bag.
Oral anticoagulants
May enhance the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonists (e.g., warfarin). Monitoring of INR/PT is recommended.
Calcium-containing solutions
Concomitant use with intravenous calcium-containing solutions is contraindicated in neonates (≤28 days of age) due to the risk of ceftriaxone-calcium precipitation. In other age groups, calcium-containing solutions and ceftriaxone should not be mixed or administered simultaneously through the same IV line.
Loop diuretics (e.g., Furosemide)
High doses of cephalosporins with potent diuretics may impair renal function.
Storage
Store the dry powder below 30°C, protected from light and moisture. Do not freeze. Reconstituted solution should be used immediately or stored as per specific instructions on the label.
Overdose
In the event of an overdose, ceftriaxone concentrations will not be reduced by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Treatment should be symptomatic and supportive.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have shown no evidence of harm to the fetus, but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Ceftriaxone is excreted in low concentrations in breast milk; caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing mother.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Generally 2 to 3 years from manufacturing date, when stored as per recommendations. Reconstituted solution stability varies (e.g., 6 hours at room temperature, 24 hours at 2-8°C).
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved
Patent Status
Off-patent
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ceftriaxone has undergone extensive clinical trials since its development and is a well-established antibiotic. Numerous studies continue to evaluate its efficacy and safety in various indications and patient populations.
Lab Monitoring
- Complete blood count (CBC) for prolonged therapy
- Renal function tests (e.g., serum creatinine, BUN) periodically
- Liver function tests (e.g., AST, ALT) periodically
Doctor Notes
- Always inquire about previous hypersensitivity reactions to cephalosporins or penicillins before administration.
- Avoid co-administration with calcium-containing solutions in neonates. In other patients, flush IV lines thoroughly between administrations if concurrent use is unavoidable.
- For IM administration, use lidocaine as diluent to minimize pain. Ensure deep IM injection.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of treatment as prescribed, even if symptoms improve, to prevent recurrence and resistance.
- Report any severe or persistent side effects to your doctor immediately.
- Inform your healthcare provider about all medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking.
- Do not self-medicate or share this medication with others.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, administer it as soon as remembered. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
Ceftriaxone generally does not affect the ability to drive or operate machinery. However, if you experience dizziness or other side effects that may impair concentration, avoid these activities.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain adequate hydration during treatment.
- Practice good hygiene to prevent further infections.
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