Camlor
Generic Name
Lorazepam
Manufacturer
Drug International Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| camlor 4 mg tablet | ৳ 18.00 | ৳ 180.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Camlor 4 mg Tablet is a benzodiazepine used for the short-term treatment of anxiety disorders, insomnia due to anxiety, and certain types of seizures. It works by enhancing the effect of a natural chemical in the brain (GABA), which calms brain activity.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
For anxiety: 2-6 mg/day in divided doses. For insomnia: 2-4 mg at bedtime. Max 10 mg/day.
Elderly
Initially, 0.5-1 mg/day in divided doses, adjusted as tolerated. Elderly patients are more sensitive to CNS depressant effects.
Renal_impairment
No specific dose adjustment typically required, but use with caution and monitor for increased effects due to altered protein binding.
How to Take
Take orally with or without food. For insomnia, take shortly before bedtime. Do not crush, chew, or break the tablet. Do not stop abruptly.
Mechanism of Action
Lorazepam enhances the effect of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABA-A receptor in the central nervous system. This leads to increased chloride ion influx, hyperpolarization of the neuron, and decreased neuronal excitability, resulting in sedative, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant effects.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Oral: 15-30 minutes for anxiolytic/sedative effects.
Excretion
Primarily excreted in the urine as inactive glucuronide conjugates.
Half life
Elimination half-life ranges from 10 to 20 hours.
Absorption
Well absorbed orally; approximately 90% bioavailable. Peak plasma concentrations are achieved within 1-2 hours.
Metabolism
Extensively metabolized in the liver primarily via glucuronidation to inactive conjugates. It does not produce active metabolites.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to lorazepam or other benzodiazepines.
- Acute narrow-angle glaucoma.
- Severe respiratory insufficiency or sleep apnea syndrome.
- Myasthenia gravis.
Drug Interactions
Valproate, Probenecid
May increase lorazepam levels and prolong its effects, requiring dose reduction of lorazepam.
Theophylline, Aminophylline
May decrease the sedative effects of lorazepam.
Opioids, Alcohol, Other CNS Depressants (e.g., antidepressants, antipsychotics, antihistamines)
Increased risk of sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place below 30°C, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose include somnolence, confusion, diminished reflexes, ataxia, hypotension, hypnotic state, and in severe cases, coma and death. Management is supportive: monitor vital signs, maintain airway, and consider activated charcoal. Flumazenil may be used in severe cases of benzodiazepine overdose, but with caution due to seizure risk.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category D: Lorazepam may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Avoid during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester. Breastfeeding: Lorazepam is excreted into breast milk and may cause sedation or feeding difficulties in infants. Avoid during breastfeeding.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to lorazepam or other benzodiazepines.
- Acute narrow-angle glaucoma.
- Severe respiratory insufficiency or sleep apnea syndrome.
- Myasthenia gravis.
Drug Interactions
Valproate, Probenecid
May increase lorazepam levels and prolong its effects, requiring dose reduction of lorazepam.
Theophylline, Aminophylline
May decrease the sedative effects of lorazepam.
Opioids, Alcohol, Other CNS Depressants (e.g., antidepressants, antipsychotics, antihistamines)
Increased risk of sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place below 30°C, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose include somnolence, confusion, diminished reflexes, ataxia, hypotension, hypnotic state, and in severe cases, coma and death. Management is supportive: monitor vital signs, maintain airway, and consider activated charcoal. Flumazenil may be used in severe cases of benzodiazepine overdose, but with caution due to seizure risk.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category D: Lorazepam may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Avoid during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester. Breastfeeding: Lorazepam is excreted into breast milk and may cause sedation or feeding difficulties in infants. Avoid during breastfeeding.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
2-3 years from manufacturing date
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
FDA Approved
Patent Status
Generic available
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Numerous clinical trials have established the efficacy and safety of lorazepam for its approved indications, including anxiety, insomnia, and status epilepticus. Studies have also focused on its pharmacokinetics in various populations and its interaction profile.
Lab Monitoring
- Liver function tests (with prolonged use).
- Renal function tests (with prolonged use, particularly in patients with renal impairment).
- Complete blood count (CBC) (with prolonged use).
Doctor Notes
- Emphasize the importance of short-term use and gradual dose reduction to avoid withdrawal symptoms.
- Assess patients for a history of substance abuse or alcohol dependence prior to prescribing.
- Counsel patients on the risks of concomitant use with opioids and alcohol.
- Monitor elderly patients closely for sedation and cognitive adverse effects.
Patient Guidelines
- Do not stop taking Camlor abruptly, as this can lead to withdrawal symptoms. Your doctor will advise on gradual tapering.
- Avoid consuming alcohol or other central nervous system depressants while on this medication.
- Report any unusual mood changes, aggression, or hallucinations to your doctor immediately.
- Use with caution in elderly patients due to increased risk of falls and cognitive impairment.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
Camlor can cause drowsiness, dizziness, and impaired coordination. Do not drive, operate machinery, or engage in any activities requiring mental alertness until you know how this medicine affects you.
Lifestyle Advice
- Practice good sleep hygiene (e.g., regular sleep schedule, comfortable sleep environment).
- Incorporate stress reduction techniques like meditation, yoga, or deep breathing exercises.
- Maintain a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise and a balanced diet.
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